up-regulation of the receptor. Ligand interactions occur with various discrete forms of the receptor as originally proposed in 1958 by Katz and Thesleff‚ e.g.‚ open‚ resting‚ and desensitized states that are in equilibrium (Lena and Changeux‚ 1993). In addition to the acetylcholine (ACh) binding site‚ the nAChR‚ like other LGICs‚ e.g.‚ GABAA(benzodiazepine‚ neurosteroid‚ and barbiturate) andN-methyl-D-aspartate (glycine and polyamine)‚ has binding sites for other types of ligand that can modify the equilibrium
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lanthanide complexes * Powers: * Efficiency of an homogeneous process * Fine tuning of activity with the choice of ligands * Greater selectivity (region‚ chemo selectivity) * Better potential for asymmetric catalysis * Better understanding of the catalyst structure * Limitation: * Problematic separation * Catalyst Cost – metal and ligands expensive * Homogenous catalysis used for complex reations in fine and pharmaceutical industry HETEROGENOUS: * catalyst
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| | D) 3 | | E) 2 | Question 3 A ligand is: | A) a molecule or ion that has at least one lone pair of electrons | | B) a nucleophile | | C) a Lewis base | | D) part of a coordination compound | | E) All of the above | Question 4 In K[Cu(CN)2]‚ how many 3d electrons does the copper ion have? | A) 10 | | B) 9 | | C) 8 | | D) 7 | | E) 6 | Question 5 Which of the following is a bidentate ligand? | A) cyanide
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Bhatia 1 Ravnit Kaur-‐Bhatia Biochemistry 444 Term Paper Dr. Cristina Clement Date: December 16th‚ 2012 My Protein Data Bank (PDB) entry code is 1TW4 and this structure was determined by crystallography. The primary paper describing this paper is: Title: Crystal structure of chicken liver basic
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proteins. Ligand activated receptors may enter the cell nucleus where they modulate gene expressions. Many receptors for hormones and neurotransmission are trans-membrane proteins. However‚ receptors within cell membranes may be peripheral or trans-membrane proteins. Acting through various secondary pathways involving ion channels‚ enzymes such as adenylyl (adenylate) cyclases‚ and phospolipases‚ or PDZ domains‚ metabotropic receptors are coupled to G proteins. Ion tropic receptors are ligand-activated
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SSM 2013-‐14 3 The Correlation between HER-2 Status and Brain Metastases in Trastuzumab-treated Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Ka-Kiu Claire Fung Literature Review: Biochemistry/ Molecular Biology Project Convenor: Dr J A Smith Word Count: 3223 words C a n d i d a t e N u m b e r : 2 0 7 7 Ka-Kiu Claire Fung Abstract It is widely known that patients with HER-2-positive advanced breast cancer are at particularly
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RECRYSTALLISATION PRESNTED BY Mariam SeiduPriscilla TweneboahEvans Appiah-Kubi 3796509 Yaw Adu PokuEric Adjei 3809009 INTRODUCTION Recrystallization is a method of purifying a solid. There are two types of impurities: those more soluble in a given solvent than the main component and those less soluble. (If there are any impurities that have the same solubility as the main component‚ then a different solvent needs to be chosen.) When organic
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be a nerve cell releasing neurotransmitters. In autocrine signaling the cell that produces the ligand also contains the receptor for that ligand. This is how cancer cells work. In signaling by plasma membrane attached proteins‚ the target cell does something in response to direct contact from the signaling cell. 2) List examples of 1) steroid hormones and 2) amino acid derivatives that act as ligands. What are the catecholamines‚ and which amino acid are
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References: 39 Loh E‚ Qi W‚ Vilaire G‚ Bennett JS (1996) Effect of cytoplasmic domain mutations on the agoniststimulated ligand binding activity of the platelet integrin alphaIIbbeta3 41 Calalb MB‚ Polte TR‚ Hanks SK (1995) Tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase at sites in the catalytic domain regulates kinase activity: a role for Src family kinases
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depolarization‚ we use the term resting potential. Modality gated channels- specific to sensory neurons‚ open in response to mechanical forces (i.e. stretch‚ touch‚ pressure‚ temperature changes or chemicals) Ligand- is a particular molecule that causes a receptor to open. The ligand gated channels open in response to a neurotransmitter binding to the surface of a channel receptor on a postsynaptic cell membrane‚ when open these channels allow the flow of electrically charged ions between extracellular
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