genes by transduction. (2) With transduction the transfer of DNA between organisms involves mediation of viruses called bacteriophages or phages. A phage infected a susceptible bacterium and during its process of replication and assembly a phage incorporates a segment of bacterial DNA. The bacterium will lyses and releases the mature phages. One of the phages has the incorporated bacterial DNA‚ that one are called defective virus. This defective virus infected other bacterium but instead of injecting
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Chapter 5 – Short answer a) Phosphorylation - the addition of phosphate to a chemical compound b) What are the 3 mechanisms of phosphorylation used by organisms? • Substrate level phosphorylation – ATP is generated when a high-energy phosphate is directly transferred from a phosphorylated compound (substrate) to ADP • Oxidative phosphorylation – electrons are transferred from a group of organic compounds to a group of electron carriers (NAD+ and FAD); occurs in inner mitochondrial
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Anisha Malhotra Prof. Lovett Lab Report # 4 Experiment 7&8 1 Bacterial Growth and One Step Burst - T7 Phage I. INTRODUCTION: These experiments helped us learn the factors that were involved in the growth of the bacteria that increased our study towards their genetic‚ physical and metabolic characteristics. We used Escherichia coli and Bacteriophage T7 to identify and analyze their identical life cycle and replication that was involved in their process of growth. As‚ growth for any bacteria
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Viruses‚ Viroids‚ and Prions copyright cmassengale 1 Are Viruses Living or Non-living? Viruses are both and neither They have some properties of life but not others For example‚ viruses can be killed‚ even crystallized like table salt However‚ they can’t maintain a constant internal state (homeostasis). copyright cmassengale 2 What are Viruses? A virus is a noncellular particle made up of genetic material and protein that can invade living cells. copyright cmassengale 3 Viral History copyright
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9-1 Identifying the Genetic Material Griffith’s experiments Frederick Griffith‚ a bacteriologist‚ was trying to prepare a vaccine against the pneumonia-causing bacterium‚ S. pneumoniae. A vaccine is a substance that is prepared from killed or weakened microorganisms and is introduced into the body to protect the body against future infections by the microorganisms. Griffin worked with 2 types‚ or strains of S. Pneumonia. The first strain is enclosed in a capsule made of polysaccharides
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Test Bank Questions: Chapter 1 DNA Is the Hereditary Material Chapter 1 Multiple Choice Format 1. In the experiment showing that DNA is the genetic material of bacteria‚ heat-killed S Pneumococcus cells A. transformed live R Pneumococcus. B. killed mice injected with them. C. were made alive again. D. killed R Pneumococcus. E. transformed type II cells to type III cells. Answer: A 2. The genetic material of a cell or virus A.
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A bacteriophage (informally‚ phage) is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria. The term is derived from ’bacteria’ and the Greek φαγεῖν phagein "to devour". Bacteriophages are composed of proteins that encapsulate a DNA or RNA genome‚ and may have relatively simple or elaborate structures. Their genomes may encode as few as four genes‚ and as many as hundreds of genes. Phage replicate within bacteria following the injection of their genome into the cytoplasm. Bacteriophage are among
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Which of the following is most likely to occur when a tumor-suppressor gene is mutated? - The tumor-suppressor gene and resulting protein may lose its function and ability to suppress cell proliferation. Mutations can produce a polypeptide with increased function. - TRUE ________can convert proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. - Nonsense mutations Most human embryos that are aneuploidy - are spontaneously aborted in the first trimester. Horses and donkeys are closely related species that can
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My research shows the rise in antibiotic resistant pathogens through horizontal gene transfer. Located in the bacteria are plasmids. They are independent‚ self-duplicating‚ and allow bacteria to perform new functions/generate new products. Basically plasmids help their hosts to stop the action of antibiotics and become resistant. “Gene transfer must be integral and critical to the overall survival of bacteria‚ providing a way for them to adapt to difficult conditions” (Levy 2002‚ 83). Horizontal
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radioactively labeled phages with bacteria‚ they agitated the cultures in a blender to separate the phages outside of the bacteria‚ they centrifuged the mixture so that the bacteria formed a pellet‚ and finally‚ they measured the radioactivity in the pellet and liquid Phage replication (10.1) A phage attaches itself to a bacteria cell‚ the phage injects its DNA into the bacterium‚ the phage DNA directs the host cell to make more phage DNA‚ The cell lyses and releases the new phages DNA structure
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