BMS 424 Chapter 1 DNA‚ RNA‚ Historical Experiments & Structures Frederick Griffith Experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae S. pneumoniae comes in two strains‚ smooth and rough strains S Smooth : Secrete a polysaccharide capsule; Protects bacterium from immune system of hosts; Produce smooth colonies on solid media. R Rough : Unable to form capsule; Produce colonies with a rough appearance. Griffith conducted experiments in 1928 using two strains of S. pneumoniae: type IIIS and type IIR :
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1859 Charles Darwin published the "On the Origin of Species"‚ introducing that genetic evolution allowed adaptation over time to produce organisms best suited to the environment 1865 Gregor Mendel investigated "traits" passed from parents to prodigy and coined the terms dominant and recessive traits 1869 Johann Meisher isolated DNA from the nuclei of white blood cells 1875 Charles Darwin introduced "gemmules" as mechanism of inheritance 1902 Walter Sutton created
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strand of RNA from a DNA molecule C) the infection of cells by a phage DNA molecule D) the type of semiconservative replication shown by DNA E) assimilation of external DNA into a cell Topic: Concept 16.1 Skill: Knowledge 4) Avery and his colleagues purified various chemicals from pathogenic bacteria and showed that ________ was (were) the transforming agent. A) DNA B) protein C) lipids D) carbohydrates E) phage Topic: Concept 16.1 Skill: Knowledge 5) Tobacco mosaic virus
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REPLICA PLATING AND INDIRECT SELECTION OF BACTERIAL MUTANTS JOSHUA LEDERBERG AND ESTHER M. LEDERBERG Department of Genetics‚ ’ College of Agriculture‚ University of Wisconsin‚ Madison‚ Wisconsin Received for publication August 31‚ 1951 Elective enrichment is an indispensable technique in bacterial physiology and genetics (van Niel‚ 1949). Specific biotypes are most readily isolated by the establishment of cultural conditions that favor their growth or survival. It has been repeatedly questioned
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individual phage and can thus be counted to determine the number of phage particles in a sample. The purpose of this lab is to employ a plaque assay method to determine the number of infected phage particles in the given sample. Method & Materials: * (6) BHI plates at 37˚C * (5) tubes of 9.0mL TSB broth * (6) tubes of soft agar in a 50˚C water bath * T4 phage sample tube * 24hr. broth culture of Escherichia coli B * Sterile pipettes and droppers 1) (Phage Serial-Dilution)
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field of medicine. There are many articles that support bacteriophages and other articles that believe antibiotics are a better solution to get rid of bacteria. This essay will cover the pros and cons of bacteriophages possibly replacing antibiotics. Phage Therapy are special treatment/medicine that involves a unique virus called Bacteriophages which will attack bacteria cells through the lytic cycle to obstruct their repeating bacterial growth. Bacteriophages are shaped of a capsid with a head-tail
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foods. Bao‚ P. Zhang‚ H. Zhang‚ Zhou‚ L. Zhang‚ and Wang isolated two new lytic SE phages‚ (PA13076) and (PC2184)‚ using two host strains of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) ATCC13076 and CVCC2184. They evaluated the potential of the
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synthesis of the host’s DNA‚ RNA and proteins ceases. The phage genome is then used to direct the synthesis of phage nucleic acids and proteins using the host’s transcriptional and translational apparatus. Bacteriophages were discovered independently by Frederick W. Twort in Great Britain (1915) and Félix d’Hérelle in France (1917). The first phages studied were those designated type 1 to type 7. The Teven phages‚ T2‚ T4‚ and T6‚ were used as model systems for the
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Essentialia The contract of employment is an agreement between two parties in terms of which one party (Mr. Phage) places his labour potential at the disposal and under the control of the other party (Lifeline services)‚ in exchange for some form of remuneration. From this definition‚ it is clear that the essentialia of a contract of employment are 1. Work and 2. Remuneration. This contract does not meet the requirement for work because even though an ambiguous job title of ‘General Worker’
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Ross Cambe 3. Molecular microbial ecology and stable isotopes. 14C and C13 Dating- gives us an idea for life‚ when life began and what environment looked like Radioactive- determines how OLD the material is in the environment Stable- Biological ORIGIN of material in environment Based on the concept that during life‚ every living thing accumulates certain amount of 14C Helps us date organisms or discoveries Biogenic origin vs. abiotic origin: 13C. fixed proportion of C12 to 13C Preferential
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