Running Head: Factors Affecting Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger Factors Affecting Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger Ong Chia Swing‚ Student. Nilai University 1. Introduction Citric acid is a natural preservative or conservative that is used to add an acidic‚ sour taste to foods and beverages. In the context of biochemistry‚ the conjugate base of citric acid which is the citrate plays an important role as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle which occurs in the metabolism
Premium Glucose Citric acid cycle Aspergillus niger
RESOURCES BASE VIEW Financial resources: The 1998 financial report shows that SingTel‚ the largest telecommunications company in Singapore‚ has a huge reserve (cash and bank deposits) of S$4.44 billion. This is the company’s strength as not many companies have such large reserves. The debt-to-equity ratio1 in the last 3 years was also very low. In fact in 1997‚ it was just 0.05 as opposed to in 1998 and 1999 when it was merely 0.06. With such a huge reserve and low debt-to-equity ratio‚ SingTel
Premium Investment Technology Asset
Acetic acid‚ a pungent smelling colourless liquid having sour taste‚ used very commonly in the chemistry laboratories. It got its name from Latin word Acetum‚ which means vinegar. Pure acetic acid is also called glacial acetic acid‚ because in winters it freezes easily as temperature goes below 16-17°C. Therefore it looks like as if a small glacier is there in the bottle‚ hence called glacial acetic acid. Laboratory and daily life uses of acetic acid are: (i) Acetic acid is used in household kitchens
Premium Oxygen Alcohol Hydrogen
Identification of an Unknown Organic Acid Chem 1211K Lab Drawer #15 Wednesday November 13th‚ 2013 Unknown Number: 3334025-CF13 Table of Contents Pg. # Abstract 3 Experimental Report 4-7 Results and Discussion 7-12 Conclusion 13 **pKa Graph 14 Abstract Identifying this organic acid was an extensive task that involved several different experiments. Firstly‚ the melting
Premium PH Sodium hydroxide Acid
of Acetylsalicylic Acid Abstract Acetylsalicylic acid was prepared using salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. As a result‚ a white‚ powdery substance was formed (0.1931g‚ percent yield 91.30%) and was defined by melting point (124.5 – 134.5°C) and observation of color change with ferric chloride. Introduction Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is one of the most popular analgesic drugs on the market today. It also acts as an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug. Salicylic acid itself was too acidic
Free Aspirin Acetic acid Paracetamol
The causes of acid rain are because of the emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere. This is a result of pollution; sulphur dioxide primarily the result of industrialisation and coal fired power stations‚ and nitrogen oxides produced mainly due to car exhaust fumes. These either form wet or dry deposition‚ and the effects we can see today. It could be argued that once that the human race has used up all of the planets coal reserves‚ the problem of acid rain would disappear
Premium Acid rain Coal Sulfur
INTRODUCTION Lactic Acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH (OH) COOH. Lactic is one of the types of fermentation which occur under anaerobic respiration to produce ATP without the use of oxygen. Anaerobic respiration takes place in certain prokaryotic organisms that have an Electron Transport Chain (ETC) but do not use oxygen as a final electron acceptor at the end of the chain (Campbell et all‚ 2015) different with the aerobic respiration which use oxygen to produce ATP and its final
Premium Metabolism Oxygen Glucose
Cause and Effect Essay: Acid Rain Pisal Sorn Advanced Writing Skills - ELT 114 Section 1 Professor: Robert Flinn April 11‚ 2014 Cause and Effect Essay: Acid Rain Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that unusually acidic‚ meaning that the level of pH is below 7. Acid rains can happen due to the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide‚ which it reach to water molecules in the atmosphere to form acids. Acid rain is resulting from natural
Premium Carbon dioxide Volcano Oxygen
of producing an organic fertilizer by utilizing fish‚ particularly heads of fish such as bonitoes and others as raw material. A fish‚ particularly the head of fish‚ contains organic nitrogen (amino acids such as lysine‚ asparagine‚ glutamine‚ sertine‚ tyrosine‚ proline and the like)‚ nucleic acid‚
Premium Amino acid
Benzoic Acid and Benzoates in Food‚ Drinks and Medicines Benzoic acid and benzoates are common additives to food‚ drinks‚ medicines and cosmetics‚ and they also occur naturally in many plants. They are useful chemicals in manufactured products because they kill or inhibit both bacteria and fungi and can act as preservatives. Benzoic acid and benzoates are considered to be safe chemicals for humans when they’re used in small quantities‚ but there are at least two situations in which even small
Premium Sodium benzoate