How Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols React to Produce Esters: Esters and Ester Production: Esters are abundant and ever present‚ and are the chemical basis of almost all fatty acids and oils. Small esters are responsible for the aroma of fruits‚ perfumes and‚ by extension‚ wines and other alcohols. Esters are formed when a carboxylic acid and an alcohol chemically combine‚ losing a molecule of water in the process. Carboxylic acids are organic molecular compounds that form a homologous series
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Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates involves the conversion of sugars to ethanol which is mainly performed by bacteria or yeast. The organism chosen should possess certain characters in terms of tolerance I‚e towards inhibitors ‚sugars and ethanol concentrations in the hydrolysates and should also withstand higher temperatures and lower pH and with minimal by product formation [161]. Fermentation is the key component where advancement in technology plays key role and is required to be feasible
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Microbiology Laboratory Report Identification of Unknown Bacteria 03/10/05- 04/01/05 Authors: Richard Hendricks‚ Jessica Prebish; NMU Abstract: Broth culture 16 was randomly selected by our group and subjected to qualitative tests for taxonomic identification. The culture did appear homogenous throughout the testing period and is currently retained by Northern Michigan University’s department of Microbiology. We suggest that culture 16 is an example of Escherichia coli. Background: Techniques
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Geotechnical Engineering B Lab Report Student Name: Zhang Jie Student Number: 33381954 Level: 6 Group: 4 Date: 2015.04.15 Lecturer: Steve Rogers CONTENT Constant Head permeability test 3 ABSTRACT 3 INTRODUCTION 3 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 4 CACULATIONS AND RESULTS 4 DISSCUSSION
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microorganisms. The reasons range from the knowing the causative agent of a disease to knowing the correct microorganism in order to make antibiotics. This study was done by applying the following methods; OF Glucose‚ Indole Production‚ and Malonate Utilization test for the identification of an unknown bacterium. The methods will assist in determining the unknown bacterium found in a 55 year old male that was passing blood and mucous in his stool. The patient had no pain but mild discomfort during bowel movements
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Lab 5 Oxidation of an alcohol CHM2123 Introduction: Oxidation is a key reaction in organic chemistry. Oxidation of an alcohol can produce aldehydes‚ ketones‚ or carboxylic acids. One of the methods of oxidation is an aldol reaction through carbon-carbon bonds. The oxidation oxidizes primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols oxidizes ketones. Tertiary alcohols are converted to the common oxidizing agents. Scheme 5.1: Aldehydes can be oxidized easily to carboxylic acids in aqueous medias
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Aaron Santos Ralph Reyes LBYMATB V26B Report Title Of Activity: Yogurt Making Date Performed: October 4‚ 2012 I. Introduction Last October 4‚ the group performed an activity that involved making our own yogurt. The group prepared the materials and followed the procedures to make the said yogurt. In the activity paper that was given‚ it dictated that during the yogurt making process‚ the bacteria underwent fermentation. “Fermentation is any process where microorganisms use an external
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3-carbon molecules NO O2 - Fermentation 1. Lactic Acid – your muscles ache because of the accumulation of lactic acid. 2. Alcohol Fermentation- ethanol is fancy word for alcohol. Alcohol fermentation is alcohol + CO2 O2 Aerobic * Respiration * Mitochondria * Matrix – Krebs Cycle – C6 – gives you 2 more ATP * Innermembrane- ETS – 34 ATP Mitochondria is only involved in the presence of oxygen. * Must know pyruvate for the test. Glycolysis * Two processes
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Name: Danielle Title: Unknown Lab Report Introduction: There are many reasons for identifying an unknown bacterium. The reasons range from medical purposes‚ such as determining if the unknown could cause ailments in living things or knowing what microorganisms are needed to make antibiotics. The experiment was done by applying methods in order to identify an unknown bacterium. An unknown bacterium was handed out by Dr. Honer. The appropriate tests were prepared and applied. The
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· Alpha-1 level test – determines the amount of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin in a persons’ blood. To confirm the severity of the disease other tests may be done such as‚ chest x-rays and Computerized Automatic Tomography (CAT) scans. The chest x-ray examination may reveal a barrel-shaped chest. Also‚ listening to the chest with a stethoscope
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