J & L Accounting‚ Inc. Income Statement For the Month Ending January 31‚ 2013 Revenues Service Revenues 8‚375.00 Expenses Advertising Expense 2‚350.00 Rent Expense 1‚000.00 Office Supplies Expense 75.00 Telephone Expense 660.00 Utilities Expense 2‚925.00 Depreciation Expense 1‚100.00 Total Expenses 8‚110.00 Net Income 265.00 J & L Accounting‚ Inc. Post-Closing Trial Balance January 31‚ 2013
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1. J & L should hedge only some of its exposures to diesel fuel. Although there are several financial instruments available for J & L to hedge against the risk of rising diesel fuel prices‚ these instruments still have their own downsides and possibly their own risks. For example‚ the future contracts from NYMEX seems like an effective hedging strategy for J &L‚ but there are some difficulties in terms of using futures from NYMEX to hedge against the diesel prices. NYMEX does not trade
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J & L Railroad 1. J & L can use heating oil futures to hedge its exposure to diesel fuel prices. Which futures position should J & L take? Explain. J&L Railroad should take a long position. They need to purchase diesel fuel in the future‚ they don’t produce diesel fuel‚ so they would want to take a future to be able to lock in the price of diesel fuel for future purchases. 2. What problems could the use of heating oil futures for hedging create for J&L? Note: I assume this question is asking
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L. & J.G. Stickley has passed the test of time from its inception in 1900. Its popularity has been rooted to the high quality furniture products exhibited by each worker in the industry so that the ends result of its furniture products‚ are outstanding. The company has also invested in production of its furniture using various kinds of wood. This form of diversity‚ use of cherry to mahogany wood has won the company extensive markets among them are 120 dealers in the United States. Today‚ L. & J.G
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distinguished by different aspects of the speaker’s intention: there is the act of saying something‚ what one does in saying it‚ such as requesting or promising‚ and how one is trying to affect one’s audience." The contemporary use of the term goes back to J. L. Austin’s development of performative utterances and his theory of locutionary‚ illocutionary‚ and perlocutionary acts. Speech acts are commonly taken to include such acts as promising‚ ordering‚ greeting‚ warning‚ inviting and congratulating. What
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human activity and maybe that is why language and linguistic communication have become a widely discussed topic among linguists‚ lawyers‚ psychologists and philosophers. Basically‚ we have carried out the present paper based on the works of J. R. Searle‚ J. L. Austin‚ P. W. Culicover‚ S. C. Levinson‚ G. U. Yule. The problem of speech acts was pioneered by another American language philosopher J.L. Austin. His observations were delivered at Harvard University in 1955 as the William James Lectures
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Sociological Principle of Language Teaching and Language Learning Speech Act Theory A theory of language based on J. L. Austin ’s How to Do Things with Words (second edition‚ 1975)‚ the major premise of which is that language is as much‚ if not more‚ a mode of action as it is a means of conveying information. As John Searle puts it‚ "All linguistic communication involves linguistic acts. The unit of linguistic communication is not‚ as has generally been supposed‚ the symbol‚ word‚ or sentence
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are able to overcome ambiguity paying attention to sociological‚ psychological peculiarities of those involved‚ time and place of an utterance. Many scholars tried to investigate the problem of speech act and some of them such as J. L. Austin‚ H. P. Grice‚ J. R. Searle‚ J. Lyons‚ Ch. Morris‚ P. F. Strawson have succeeded. Topicality of this issue is that people communicate with each other every day and it is necessary to study deeper the speech acts with the purpose of establishing proper communication
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Speech act is a technical term in linguistics and the philosophy of language. The contemporary use of the term goes back to J. L. Austin ’s discovery of performative utterances and his theory of locutionary‚ illocutionary‚ and perlocutionary acts. Speech acts are commonly taken to include such acts as promising‚ ordering‚ greeting‚ warning‚ inviting and congratulating. Contents * 1 Locutionary‚ illocutionary and perlocutionary acts * 2 Illocutionary acts * 2.1 Classifying illocutionary
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communication purposes and while sentences can often be used to report states of affair‚ the utterance of some sentences must in specified circumstances‚ be treated as the performance of an act. The contemporary Speech act theory was elaborated by J. L. Austin‚ a British philosopher of language; he introduced this theory in 1975 in his well-known book ‘How do things with words’. He was persuaded that we do not use language to tell only things‚ meaning to make statements‚ but also to do things‚ that
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