a chemical reaction will occur spontaneously or non-spontaneously is an important aspect of thermodynamics. Spontaneity is determined from free energy‚ or Gibbs free energy. The equation (1) gives the relationship of how entropy (∆S) and enthalpy (∆H) along with temperature affects the amount of free energy‚ and henceforth the spontaneity. A spontaneous process may be quick or slow‚ and it is only affected by temperature and energy‚ therefore it is not related to kinetics or reaction rate. equation
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The Effect of Temperature on The Viscosity of Glycerol Research Question: What is the effect of increasing the independent variable of the temperature of glycerol (30ºC‚ 40ºC‚ 50ºC‚ 60ºC and 70ºC) (+ 0.5ºC) using a hotplate and measured using a thermometer (+ 0.05º)‚ on the dependent variable of time (secs + 0.2) taken for 50mL (+ 0.05ml) of glycerol to flow through a 50cm3 burette (+ 0.05cm3) into a 250 mL beaker (+ 12.5 mL) measured by a digital stopwatch (+ 0.2secs)‚ therefore indicating the
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Introduction‚ aim and hypothesis Chemical reactions are accompanied by the release or absorption of energy. Reactions which release energy are described as exothermic and those which absorb energy are endothermic. The energy released in chemical reactions was previously stored as chemical potential energy in the reactants; this stored energy is called enthalpy. The aim of this practical is to observe and classify chemical processes as endothermic or exothermic‚ based on the changes in temperature
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Introduction In a Grignard reaction‚ a Grignard reagent (R–MgX) adds to the carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone to form an alcohol (Figure 1). The reaction of a Grignard reagent with formaldehyde can be to synthesize a primary alcohol‚ with any other aldehyde can be used to synthesize a secondary alcohol‚ while the reaction with ketone is useful in the synthesis of a tertiary alcohol. Figure 1. General reaction mechanism of a Grignard Reaction The preparation of the Grignard reagent involves
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Title: Studying SN1 and SN2 Reactions: Nucleophilic Substitutions at the saturated carbon Lab Partner: Jeszie Geronimo Objective and purpose: the purpose of this experiment is to convert a primary alcohol to an alkyl bromide using a Sn2 Reaction. Investigate some factors that influence the rate of Sn1 reactions. The second part of this lab will focus more on how unlike factors influence the rate of reactions in anSN1 reactions. The factors that we will be inspecting are the leaving groups‚ Cl-
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The purpose of the lab was to find out the chemical elements based on the color of the flame that elements make by their reaction. The work we completed in the lab was testing the chemical effects of the flame from the chemicals. We tested different elements and wrote down our observations. I accomplished the knowledge of testing chemicals and making responses based on our observations.Electrons are the particles found in the chemicals that may be responsible for the production of colored light.
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KINETIC SCULPTURE EVALUATION Ekin Kara KINETIC SCULPTURE EVALUATION TESTS TEST 1 Movement Test Procedure Blow Dryer‚Wind‚ Blowing‚ Touching‚ Fan Outcome When I used blow dryer‚ the only vane that turned was the one that was right in front of the blow dryer even though I increased the volume. But I think it happened because the blow dryer only focuses on one point so it doesn’t effect the other vanes. When I used the power of wind‚ I realized that the result was so much
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Substitution Reactions of 3-phenyl-1-phenol‚ 2-pentanol‚ and 2‚4-dimethyl-3-pentanol Samantha Sparks‚ Isi Nosegbe and Sabrina Becker. Department of Chemistry‚ IUPUI‚ 402 N. Blackford St.‚ Indianapolis‚ IN 46202 This project was collaborated on by three different organic chemistry students‚ who individually synthesized and researched each of the three substitution reactions in this experiment.. The first reaction was an Sn2 reaction of 3-phenyl-1-propanol with NaBr and H2SO4 to create1-bromo-3-phenylpropane
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Use the knowledge of kinetics to explain each of the following statements. a. An increase in temperature at which a reaction takes place causes an increase in reaction rate . An increase in temperature means increasing the energy of the molecules present. If the molecules has more energy ‚ then more of the them will collide often with enough energy ‚ to overcome the activation energy barrier. causing the reaction to proceed more quickly. b.An addition of the catalyst increases the rate at which
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Introduction – Lab Report What is a Chemical Reaction? A chemical reaction is a change in matter that produces one or more new substances. A chemical change or reaction occurs when bonds are broken and new ones are formed. The formation and dissolution of these bonds are dependent upon environment changes. Even without the usage of microscopes‚ chemical reactions are usually apparent to the naked eye. The two main kinds of changes that one can observe are the formation of new substances and changes
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