there are desirable ends. Historically progress has an ethical connotation and is taken to mean advance towards the ultimate moral values which human kind had been striving all down the ages to attain. Morgan was the first person to bring forth the definite order of human society systematically. He identified three main epochs through which human society progressed. These are savagery‚ barbarism and civilisation. He sub-divided savagery and barbarism again into lower‚ middle‚ and upper orders according
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COST SHEET FOR AMUL ICE-CREAMS [pic] PRESENTED BY HIRAL MEHTA 61 SAURAV MEHTA 62
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Monitoring and evaluating knowledge management strategies Nature does not measure. Nature recognizes patterns. (Senge) IKM Background Paper October 2009 Joitske Hulsebosch‚ Mark Turpin and Sibrenne Wagenaar IKM Background Paper‚ Monitoring and evaluating knowledge management strategies. October 2009. About IKM Emergent In April 2007‚ a five-year research programme was approved for funding by the Directorate General for International Cooperation (DGIS)‚ which is part of the Dutch Ministry
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Many of the domestic plants that are around today all started out as wild‚ some even started out poisonous. Guns‚ Germs‚ and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies by Jared Diamond chapter seven is about how through natural and artificial selection the plants‚ that people today know and love‚ came to be. Natural selection is the process that organisms better suited for certain environments survive and produce more offspring’s. Whereas artificial selection is where organisms with desired traits cross-pollinate
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Cost classification is the process of grouping costs according to their common characteristics. A suitable classification of costs is of vital importance in order to identify the cost with cost centres or cost units. Cost may be classified accounting to their nature‚ i.e.‚ material‚ labor and expenses and a number of other characteristics. The same cost figures are classified according to different ways of costing depending upon the purpose to be achieved and requirements of particular
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Classification of Cost Cost may be classified into different categories depending upon the purpose of classification. Some of the important categories in which the costs are classified are as follows: 1. Fixed‚ Variable and Semi-Variable Costs The cost which varies directly in proportion with every increase or decrease in the volume of output or production is known as variable cost. Some of its examples are as follows: • Wages of laborers • Cost of direct material • Power The cost which does
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COST CLASSIFICATION CONCEPT OF COST: DEFINITION: A SACRIFICE OR GIVING UP OF RESOURCES FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE FREQUENTLY MEASURED BY THE MONETARY UNITS (RUPEES‚ DOLLARS) THAT MUST BE PAID FOR GOODS AND SERVICES . ➢ EMPHASIS ON COST INFORMATION: MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANTS PAY A LOT OF ATTENTION TO COSTS BECAUSE COST HAVE A VITAL ROLE TO PLAY IN PLANNING ‚ EVALUATING AND DECISION MAKING. FOR EXAMPLE IN PLANNING THE ROUTE AND FLIGHT SCHEDULES THE MANAGER OF AN AIR LINE MUST CONSIDER
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Costs of Production July 2011 Topics to be Discussed Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? How do Cost Curves Behave? – Cost in the Short Run – Cost in the Long Run How to Minimize Cost? How to draw Implications for Business Strategy? Topics to be Discussed Production with Two Outputs: Economies of Scope Dynamic Changes in Costs: The Learning Curve Estimating and Predicting Cost Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? Accountants tend to take a retrospective view of firms’ costs‚ whereas
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COST ANALYSIS Prepared by: Nebuchadnezzar Rabaya OBJECTIVES To provide a basic understanding of the nature of cost analysis. To give highlights on the importance of cost analysis on any venture. To present a clear overview on various types of costs. Cost Definition: an amount that has to be paid or spent to buy or obtain something. Analysis Definition: is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it. What is cost analysis
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If you are starting out in a new business‚ especially a service/manufacturing business‚ understanding the cost accounting system and which cost accounting system will work best for your company‚ is the first step to being successful. Once you find someone to help you navigate those waters‚ let them help you sail the rough seas of direct and indirect inventory‚ direct and indirect labor costs‚ and how to allocate factory overhead as well. While it all may sound confusing‚ having the right person
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