The formation of the debit and credit concept In this simplified form we can begin to see what the mathematician and Father of Accounting (Luca Pacioli) saw in 1494 when he codified the double-entry bookkeeping system. It is his codified system that outlined the rules for applying debits and credits when recording the financial transactions of a business in the double-entry bookkeeping system. Now remember that Luca’s book in 1494 was written and published in Latin and at a time when the concept
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Classmates‚ According to (Oster‚ 2014)‚ "Percentage of receivables and percentage of sales are two accounting allowance methods used to reconcile customer accounts deemed noncollectable. When allowed by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)‚ these two strategies are preferred over direct write-off of bad debt expenses. Percentage of receivables and percentage of sales provide a business with the ability to accurately estimate the expected bad debt losses they will have in each succeeding
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ACCOUNTING SUBSTANCE OVER FORM Substance over form is an accounting concept where the entity is accounting for items according to their substance and economic reality and not merely their legal form. It is one of the key determinants of reliable information. For most transactions there will be no difference and in some cases however‚ the two diverge and the choice of how to present the transactions can give very different results. This differences occurs when an asset or liability is not recognized
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8/2/2012 Objective of Lecture 2 CLASSIFICATION OF ACCOUNTS & ACCOUNTING EQUATION • By end of lecture 2‚ all students should be able to:(a) Understand the five categories of accounts and able to classify them into the respective categories (b) Understand the accounting equation and the relationship between assets‚ liabilities and owner’s equity. Classifications of accounts • • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. An account is used to record all information regarding an item. The five major
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CHAPTER 3 THE REPORTING ENTITY AND CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS Q3-1 The basic idea underlying the preparation of consolidated financial statements is the notion that the consolidated financial statements present the financial position and the results of operations of a parent and its subsidiaries as if the related companies actually were a single company. Q3-2 Without consolidated statements it is often very difficult for an investor to gain an understanding
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Section A Under Case Study (Newspaper) HB Global 1. Types of audit opinion Qualified opinion * A qualified opinion report can result from a limitation on the scope of the audit or failure to follow generally accepted accounting principles Adverse opinion * It is used only when the auditor believes that the overall financial statements are so materiality misstated or misleading that they do not present fairly the financial position or results of operations and cash flows in conforming
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101-00128 Oct 2014 Accounting Accounting is the recording‚ measurement‚ and interpretation of financial information (Business 286). This financial information is used to evaluate the organization’s operations. To carry out these interpretations of financial information a public or private accountant is able to do this. To become a public accountant you must earn your CPA (certified public accountant) by passing a test and means you are certified by the state in which you provide accounting services where
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Chapter 4 : Account Titles and Preparation of Financial Statements | Article 14 : The balance sheet items shallbe categorized as follows: 1. Assets. (1) Current assets. (2) Funds and long-term investments. (3) Property‚ plant and equipment. (4) Depletable assets. (5) Intangible assets.
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MAA103 & MAAP103 - Accounting for Decision Making ASSIGNMENT – TRIMESTER TWO‚ 2011 (Relates to Topic 4) Represents 20% of the assessment for this unit DUE DATE: ASSIGNMENT PLANNER: MONDAY 1 AUGUST‚ BY 5.00pm FINAL ASSIGNMENT: THURSDAY 8 SEPTEMBER‚ BY 5.00pm NOTE the following general submission points: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Assignment can be completed in groups of no more than THREE students. Students CAN NOT complete assignment with students from other lecturers classes. Only ONE hardcopy of
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Chapter 5 Accounting for Merchandising Operations Chapter Summary Merchandising Operations • A merchandising company is an enterprise that buys and sells goods to earn a profit. • Measuring net income for a merchandising company is the same as for a service company through matching of expenses with revenues. • In a merchandising company‚ the primary source of revenue is the sale of merchandise‚ which is called sales revenue or sales. • Expenses for merchandising
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