INTRODUCTION Maleic acid and Fumaric acid are both compounds belonging to the carboxylic acids class. In this experiment‚ we formed the two isomers of 1‚2-ethylenedicarboxylic acid and tested the solubility and melting points of both of these products. Both of these compounds involve a carbon-carbon double bond that is composed of one σ bond and one π bond. The overlap of sp2 hybrid orbitals forms the σ bond‚ and one empty p orbital forms the π bond. This process is illustrated in the figure below:
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these substances. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are termed isomers. In this lab exercise‚ you will determine the different isomers for various alkane
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A carbohydrate is an organic compound that consists only of carbon‚ hydrogen‚ and oxygen‚ usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words‚ with the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. The carbohydrates (saccharides) are divided into four chemical groupings: monosaccharides‚ disaccharides‚ oligosaccharides‚ and polysaccharides. In general‚ the monosaccharides and disaccharides‚ which are smaller (lower molecular weight) carbohydrates‚ are commonly referred to as sugars.
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stereochemistry. Isomers are sets of chemical compounds with identical molecular formulas but different structural properties. There are two types of isomers‚ structural isomers and stereoisomers. Structural isomers are subdivided into two: position and functional isomers. Position isomers occur among substituted hydrocarbons. The substituents are attached to different positions on the carbon chain. ex. CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CH(OH)CH3 1-propanol 2-propanol Functional isomers‚ on the
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The actual yield gained is 1.573g The percentage yield = (actual yield/ thereotical yield) x 100% = (1.573/1.837) x 100% = 85.63% Reference: http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Technique/Procedures/Notebook/Yield.html Yield of Cu(gly-)2.H2O ( Isomer 1) Formula weight (Mr) of (CH3CO2)2Cu.H2O = [[12.01 + (1.0079 x 3) + 12.01 + (16 x 2)] x 2 ] + 63.55 + (1.0079 x2) + 16 = 199.65g/mol Formula weight (Mr) of Cu(gly-)2.H2O = 63.55 + [[14.01 + (1.0079 x 2) + 12.01 + (1.0079 x 2) + 12.01 + (16 x 2)]
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Diels-Alder Synthesis of Exo-Norbornene-cis-5‚6-Dicarboxylic Anhydride for Organic Chemistry Laboratory Instruction Kyle Myers and Dr. James Roark University of Nebraska at Kearney‚ Department of Chemistry‚ Kearney‚ NE 68849 Abstract A technique for the Diels-Alder synthesis of endo-norbornene-cis-5‚6dicarboxylic anhydride and its stereoisomer‚ exo-norbornene-cis-5‚6-dicarboxylic anhydride‚ is explained. To prove that each stereoisomer was made in the experiment and to distinguish between the
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One isomer was the correct medication and was effective‚ the effective isomer. Unfortunately the other isomer was causing these horrible defects this was the mutagenic isomer. Both isomers do have the same molecular formula and also the same atom to atom connectivity‚ this therefore means they are not constitutional isomers. Constitutional isomers means compounds that with the same molecular formula but they have different connectivity
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using UV/Vis spectrometry. Using a range of wavelengths the optimum spectrometer setting for analysis was identified. The corresponding maximum and minimum absorbance of the cis and trans isomers respectively at 540 nm meant that it was selected as the wavelength to determine the rate of conversion between the isomers. The first order rate constant was calculated to be 0.0092 m-1 which is somewhat similar to the literature value of 0.00845 m-1 (Brasted and Hiriyama 1958). The half-life (t 1/2) was found
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............................... mol [2] (iii) Calculate the percentage yield. Quote your answer to three significant figures. .................................................. % [1] [Total 4 marks] 3. But-1-ene is just one isomer with the molecular formula C4H8. Using C4H8 as your example‚ describe and explain what is meant by structural isomerism and cis-trans isomerism. Include diagrams in your answer. In your answer you should make clear how each type of isomerism
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Chemistry Lab 02/27/2015 Abstract When the transition metal‚ cobalt‚ forms a complex involving a nitrate ion‚ the ligand has the ability to coordinate via N or O. The ability of the nitrate to attach via the N or O gives rise to the term‚ linkage isomers and can affect the functionality of the complex with other molecules. To explore structural differences between complexes‚ pentaaminechlorocobalt (III) chloride‚ pentaaminenitritocobalt (III) chloride‚ and pentaaminenitrocobalt (III) chloride were
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