Pigments were first extracted from tomato paste by a 50/50 mixture of acetone/hexanes; these miscible molecules act together as one organic solvent. Pigments choose the organic layer over the tomato paste with water‚ which allowed for their extraction. K2CO3 is an ionic base that was added to deprotonate the citric acid. The ionic product of the reaction in figure 3 now prefers the aqueous layer‚ which serves to wash the pigments of the acidic impurity. Saturated NaCl pulls any water into the
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yield of the reaction. The crude product Z-Stilbene was completely favored 100/0 to E-Stilbene as an integration of 10.73 was recorded at 6.6 ppm for Z-Stilbene but no peak was recorded at 7.1 ppm for Z-Stilbene. When Stilbene undergoes photo isomerization it favors almost exclusively E-Stilbene as an integration of 15.14 at 7.1 ppm was observed compared to an integration of 0.89 at 6.6 ppm. This ratio of 94/6 almost completely favors the E product as it is more stable due to its conjugation. In
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Exp.11) Identification of unknown ketones. Introduction: Given five samples of a known ketone derivative‚ the purpose of this experiment is to identify which unknown ketone derivative corresponds to the five known samples. In other words‚ using specific methods of compound detection‚ it is possible to match an unknown compound with a known compound because similar compounds will display similar characteristics. In this experiment‚ identification of the unknown ketone is accomplished through thin
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Alkanes Alkenes Alkyne Cycloalkanes Cycloalkenes Cycloalkynes Alkanes:- Paraffins General formula CnH2n+2 sp3 hybridisation C–C bond length 1.15 4 A0 Chemically unreactive Show chain‚ position and optical isomerism. Heptane has 9 isomer‚ Octane 18 and Decane 75. Nomenclature: 164 Preparation:- Wurtz reaction:- Follow mainly free radical mechanism Useful in preparing an alkane containing even number of carbon atoms Stepping up reaction Frankland reaction From Grignard
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neutral pH‚ glycine will exist predominantly as the zwitterion. Alanine is a hydrophobic molecule. It is ambivalent‚ meaning that it can be inside or outside of the protein molecule. The α carbon of alanine is optically active; in proteins‚ only the L-isomer is found. Serine differs from alanine in that one of the methylenic hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxyl group. Serine is one of two hydroxyl amino acids. Both are commonly considered to by hydrophilic due to the hydrogen bonding capacity of the hydroxyl
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reactions. In this experiment two geometric [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] isomers A and B were synthesized and their molecular geometries were determined by means of infrared spectroscopy. Isomer A was synthesized first by reacting [Mo(CO)6] with sodium borohydride employed as a reducing agent and triphenylphosphine. A satisfactory 90 % yield was obtained for this isomer. From Isomer A produced‚ 0.502 g was taken and then used to synthesize Isomer B which was obtained at a yield of 50 %. The infrared spectra
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The stability of the Wittig reagent dictates the stereochemistry of the reaction. Wittig reagents stabilized by a carbonyl group that share the carbanion’s negative form the E isomer as the major product and unstabilized Wittig reagentsform the Z isomer as a product. The E isomer has a melting point of 88°C while the Z isomer exists as an oil at room temperature. Results The experiment produced 0.033 g of white crystal product‚ an 11.7 % percent yield. The melting point range of the product was 80
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Abstract:The Wittig Reaction is a nucleophilic addition in which an alkene is formed as a product. Both the E and Z isomers of the alkene result. Substituents on the aromatic aldehyde affect the E/Z ratio of products that form. In this experiment‚ a nitro group was used as the substituent in the ortho‚ meta and para positions‚ with benzaldehyde as the control. Each of the four aldehydes reacted with (carbethoxymethylene) triphenylphosphorane to produce ethyl cinnamate‚ ethyl-3-(2-nitrophenyl)acrylate
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Abstract The synthesis of isomer A and B of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] were prepared from molybdenum hexacarbonyl‚ sodium borohydride and triphenylphosphine with a % yield of 79% and 8.5% respectively. Two isomer was identified using IR spectra and from isomer A four C≡O stretching was observed‚ while in isomer B only one C≡O stretching was observed in a frequency ranged of (1867.24- 2024‚39 cm-1) and 1880.91 cm-1 through this results isomer A concluded to be cis and B to be trans isomer .
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attracted to the metal at the center of the complex. Isomers are different compounds with the same molecular formula. Also‚ isomers can be recognized into two groups; constitutional isomers and
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