LAB: Comparison of Reactions for Three Isomers of Butanol /23 TI /21 C /6 A Name: /50 MARKS Background: The reactivity of alcohols can be accounted for by their molecular structure – particularly by the attachment of their hydroxyl functional group. The isomers of butanol are used as examples of 1°‚2° and 3° alcohols to examine this relationship. Each of the three isomers of butanol will be mixed with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The presence of an alkyl halide product is
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Form 6 Chemistry Practical Experiment 18: Cis-Trans Isomers of But-2-enedioic acid Introduction Cis-trans isomers are a kind of stereoisomers called geometrical isomers. Due to the inability of rotation about the C=C bond‚ some compounds possess cis and trans isomers. But-2-enedioic acid is an example of having both isomers. Maleic acid Fumaric acid Cis and trans isomers have different physical properties such as boiling point‚ solubility‚ density and stability
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synthesize (E) and (Z) isomers of α-phenylcinnamic acid. This was accomplished by refluxing benzaldehyde‚ phenylacetic acid‚ acetic anhydride and triethylamine as a base. The chemical equation of a Perkin Reaction can be seen below. The reaction mechanism for the synthesis of α-phenylcinnamic acid is shown below: Results: Theoretical Yield Therefore‚ phenylacetic acid is the limiting reagent. Table 1. Literature and actual IR values of (E) and (Z) isomers of α-phenylcinnamic
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ISOMERIZATION OF AN ALKENE Martin‚ Marilen1‚ Lovenia‚ Melden D.2 1Professor‚ School of Che-Chm-BE-MSE‚ Mapua Institute of Technology; 2Students‚ Chm145L/A41‚ School of Che-Chm-BE-MSE‚ Mapua Institute of Technology ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted to accomplish the following objectives. The first objective aims to synthesize an isomer of alkenes. This was done by converting maleic acid to fumaric acid. This conversion was accomplished by applying a heat-catalyzed reaction on maleic acid
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Stereochemistry of Butenedioic Acid Objective: To study the interconversion of two geometric isomers‚ maleic acid (cis isomer) to fumaric acid (trans isomers)‚ the differences in physical properties between this pair of cis-trans isomers and determine the stereochemistry of addition of bromine to butenedioic acid. Chemicals and Apparatus: 2 grams of maleic acid‚ 10 cm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid‚ 10 cm3 of bromine water[1]‚ one 50 cm3 beaker‚ one 100 cm3 beaker‚ one 250 cm3
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EXPERIMENT 1: TITLE: ISOMERISM AND KINETICS IN COORDINATION CHEMISTRY OBJECTIVE: 1. To prepare and study the kinetics of the interconversion of some of the isomers of a typical coordination compound. INTRODUCTION: Isomerism played a central role to establish the basic concept in coordination chemistry while reaction kinetics of coordination compound is known as the area of continuing intense research activity. The mechanism of the reactions of coordination compounds relevance
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In this region of the electromagnetic spectrum‚ molecules undergo electronic transitions [24]. Figure 4 shows the UV-Vis spectra of CAC and TAC. As seen from the data of Table 4‚ the electron transition from HOMO-2 orbital to LUMO orbital of trans isomer of azocubane (TAC) is happened at 251.7 nm. In contrast‚ three electronic transitions are happened in CAC. The important one corresponds to the transition from HOMO-1 orbital to LUMO orbital. It is observed this transition is done at 248.9
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obtained. FT-IR spectroscopy was performed and the spectrum was analyzed. Green crystals of trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl∙HCl∙2H2O was also synthesized and the cis-isomer was subsequently isolated by heating the aqueous solution in a steam bath. The UV-vis spectrum of trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl∙HCl∙2H2O and cis-[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl∙HCl∙2H2O were recorded. The trans isomer has εmax values of 30.24‚ 24.55 and 32.03 mol–1dm3cm-1 at 609.00‚ 449.00 and 400.00nm respectively‚ while the εmax values of cis-[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl are 51
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COrdination compounds Question 9.1: Explain the bonding in coordination compounds in terms of Werner’s postulates. =Werner’s postulates explain the bonding in coordination compounds as follows: (i) A metal exhibits two types of valencies namely‚ primary and secondary valencies. Primary valencies are satisfied by negative ions while secondary valencies are satisfied by both negative and neutral ions. (In modern terminology‚ the primary valency corresponds to the oxidation number of the metal
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polysaccharides. ▪ Examples are Glucose‚ Galactose and Fructose. o • Isomers • Chemicals that share the same chemical formula but different structures (mirror images) • • Glucose “the blood sugar” • The primary source of energy in all living things • • Galactose • • Fructose “fruit sugar” Isomerization A chemical reaction in which a substance is rearranged to form another substance. Hydrolysis Is
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