Carboxylic acid derivatives namely‚ acyl halides‚ acid anhydrides‚ esters and amides were classified through different reactivity tests. The samples used were acetyl chloride for acyl halide group‚ acetic anhydride for acid anhydride group‚ ethyl acetate for ester group‚ acetamide and benzamide for amide group. These derivatives were identified through the mechanism of hydrolysis‚ alcoholysis and aminolysis reactions. Positive results were obtained and the presence of a carboxylic acid derivative
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Experiment 1 : Design and preparation of buffers effective at different pHs Abstract The body uses natural buffers to maintain the many different pH environments in our body. This is important for optimum activity of our enzymes. When doing experiments in vitro using these enzymes it is important to mimic intracellular conditions using artificial buffer systems in order to obtain accurate results. In this experiment the buffering properties of three artificial buffer systems containing acetic
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smell of rotten eggs (H2S); turns lead acetate paper black 1. Sodium nitroprusside test: WE + sodium nitroprusside 4 = purple / violet colour 2. Lead acetate test: WE + lead acetate 5 (aq) = black ppt 5. Nitrite: Pungent light brown gas 1. Starch-iodide test: WE + dil H2SO4 (or dil acetic acid); boil‚ then add solid KI + fresh starch sol = deep blue colouration Group II (conc H2SO4 group) – Cl(chloride)‚ Br- (bromide)‚ I- (iodide)‚ NO3- (nitrate)‚ CH3COO- (acetate)‚ C2O42(oxalate): Salt + conc H2SO4
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compound that shifted alkane group by “2”‚ and the signal at 2 indicate the alkane group must be attached with carbonyl group. Thus‚ all the information collected from NMR suggested that the product of fisher esterification was (1‚3-dimthylbutyl) acetate. A number of errors could have occurred in this experiment‚ which could have limited the amount of desired product yield. First‚ if not enough acid catalyst was used‚ protonation of the carbonyl group on the carboxylic acid would have been difficult
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Introduction Esters are in a lot of natural products like flowers‚ spices and fruits. They are usually used in artificial flavorings. Carboxylic esters help amplify the sensory effect of esters. Isopentyl acetate is made from the direct esterification of acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol. The direct esterification of acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol is an equilibrium reaction that shifts the product to the side by using the excess of one of the starting reagents. Acetic acid usually used in excess
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Lab #4 The Synthesis of Organic Polymers CHM2123‚ Section C October 21‚ 2014 Introduction: Organic polymers are macromolecules that are composed of smaller molecules called monomers. There are two main groups of polymers: natural polymers and unnatural (synthetic) polymers. Natural polymers include proteins such as cellulose and starch and are a necessity for our existence. On the other hand‚ synthetic polymers such as the polycarbonate in our lab goggles
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is delicate like suede and the interior strictly fur (Figure 1). The boot has a shaft circumference of 14 inches and a twinface height of about 8 inches‚ reaching right below the middle of your calf. The sole of the boot is made of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and is about 1 inch thick (Figure 2). The EVA manufactured sole is pressed to the
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peaks (>10%) corresponding to methyl (triphenylphosphoranylidene) acetate‚ acetone‚ ethyl acetate‚ and hexane were identified. The phosphonium ylide peak indicates that the reaction did not go to completion (leftover starting material). Meanwhile‚ the acetone‚ ethyl acetate‚ and hexane peaks show there was residual solvent in the sample submitted for NMR analysis (compounds were not in reaction scheme). Because acetone‚ ethyl acetate‚ and hexane are volatile‚ we deduced that our evaporation of the
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Today they’re many thousand different materials. Most of them are different types of clothing‚ or cloth. Good portions of these are combinations of synthetic fibers woven or threaded together to make a final product. These synthetic fibers are a large group of polymers. Synthetic polymers offer more possibilities‚ since they can be designed with molecular structures that impart properties for desired end uses. All fibers are ploy-something or polymers. That means they are long strings of repeating
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stirred tank reactor for the saponification of ethyl acetate with dilute sodium hydroxide. To determine the effect of temperature on reaction rate constant. To find the values of rate constant and Arrhenius parameters. Equipment used Arm field batch stirred tank reactor A stop clock A conductivity meter Water bath (tank) with a thermostat Funnel A heat controller Two flasks of one litre each and Stock solutions (0.1M sodium hydroxide and 0.1M ethyl acetate). The key results obtained include Table showing
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