anhydride Ethyl acetate Acid chlorides form esters by reaction with alcohols. O CH3CH2CH2OH 1-Propanol + H3C Cl Acetyl chloride C H3C O C O CH2CH2CH3 + HCl n-Propyl acetate In the latter reaction‚ an organic base such as pyridine is usually added to react with the hydrogen chloride. A number of other methods can be used to synthesize the ester group. Among these are the addition of 2methylpropene to an acid to form t-butyl esters‚ the addition of ketene to make acetates‚ and the reaction
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Quantifying the COX1 Gene within the Mitochondrial DNA of a Potato Introduction Respiration is a very important process for every living organism. While it is typically thought of as breathing in oxygen‚ and exhaling carbon dioxide‚ like all things‚ it must take place at the cellular level. The electron transport chain is responsible for cellular respiration. The process uses four complexes; the fourth is cytochrome c oxidase. Cytochrome C oxidase is responsible for the reduction of oxygen to water
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Functional Groups of Organic Compounds A functional group is a specific arrangement of atoms in the HC derivative other than carbon and hydrogen. Literally‚ the functional group determines the functions of the particular HC derivative in chemical reactions. This means that the specific properties of the HC derivative are due to its functional group. Each functional group is attached to an alkyl radical (R). An alkyl radical is one H atom less than the given alkane. The alkyl radical (R) uses
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Surface Tension of Liquids Karen Mae L. Fernan Department of Chemistry‚ Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan‚ Philippines Date performed: Nov. 22‚ 2012 ∙ Date Submitted: January 16‚ 2013 E-mail: fernankarenmae26@yahoo.com ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract Surface tension is defined as the energy or work required to increase the surface area of a liquid due to intermolecular forces
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synthesize 1‚2‚3‚4-tetraphenylnaphthalene through a two-step synthesis. The aldol condensation reaction between benzil and dibenzyl ketone forms 2‚3‚4‚5-tetraphenylcyclopentadienone‚ which then reacts with a benzene formed by anthranilic acid and isoamyl nitrate in order to yield 1‚2‚3‚4-tetraphenylnaphthalene. Reaction Equation A: Synthesis of 2‚3‚4‚5-tetraphenylcyclopentadienone: A solution of 4 capsules potassium hydroxide (0.5g) and 5mL anhydrous ethanol was prepared and warmed in
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again and had toluene(2mL) added then placed in ice. The product was vacuum filtered‚ washed with toluene‚ dried‚ and weighed. Tetraphenylnaphthalene. Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone(0.500g)‚ glyme(3mL)‚ and a boiling chip was added to a reaction tube. Isoamyl nitrite(0.35mL) was added via syringe to reaction tube and heated to reflux for 2-5 minutes.
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The Preparation of Methyl Salicylate Introduction: Esters have various smells that differ due to the types of carboxylic acids and alcohols one mixes together. This is called esterfication. The reaction is catalyzed by an inorganic acid usually H2SO4 Purpose: In this lab Methanol alcohol and Salicylic acid were reacted together to form Methyl Salicylate. This was done to determine the characteristic odour of the Methyl Salicylate. Safety: Safety goggles must be worn at all times. Methanol: Toxic
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A dark purple soln was created from tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (0.506 g‚ 1.32 mmol) and glyme (3 mL) in a large reaction tube with a boiling chip. Isoamyl nitrite (0.35 mL‚ 2.9 mmol) was added slowly via syringe to the soln‚ and the soln was allowed to gently reflux over a sand bath for 5 min. Another soln was made in a separate reaction tube by dissolving anthranilic acid (0.250 g‚ 1.82 mmol) in glyme
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The Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge is a protected park in New Mexico located in the Chihuahuan desert around 20 miles north of Socorro‚ New Mexico. The Rio Salado flows through the refuge and is a tributary of the Rio Grande joining the Rio Grande just 15 miles north of Socorro‚ New Mexico. The refuge area currently hosts the Sevilleta Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program by the University of New Mexico. While research into parasites in mammals mainly rodents (Wilson et al.‚ 1997) and
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THE CONTINUOUS BREWING OF BEER Beer is produced commercially by the controlled fermentation of wort‚ a liquid rich in sugars‚ nitrogenous compounds‚ sulphur compounds and trace elements extracted from malted barley. Fermentation is the process by which glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide and is expressed chemically as: C6H12O6 + 2PO43- + 2ADP → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 2ATP Behind this simplified chemical reaction is a series of complex biochemical reactions. These reactions (known as the
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