Organizational structure refers to the way that an organization arranges people and jobs so that its work can be performed and its goals can be met. When a work group is very small and face-to-face communication is frequent‚ formal structure may be unnecessary‚ but in a larger organization decisions have to be made about the delegation of various tasks. Thus‚ procedures are established that assign responsibilities for various functions. It is these decisions that determine the organizational structure
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Chapter 158 Distributions to Shareholders: Dividends and Repurchases ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 158-1 a. The optimal distribution policy is one that strikes a balance between dividend yield and capital gains so that the firm’s stock price is maximized. b. The dividend irrelevance theory holds that dividend policy has no effect on either the price of a firm’s stock or its cost of capital. The principal proponents of this view are Merton Miller and Franco Modigliani (MM). They
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corporate value maximization: Shareholder Approach and Stakeholder Approach. So‚ firstly both approaches are defined briefly. Secondly‚ compare and contrast of shareholder and stakeholder approaches is made. Keywords: Purpose‚ Corporation‚ Value Maximization‚ Shareholder Approach‚ Stakeholder Approach. Shareholder Approach on Value Maximization: Shareholder approach on value maximization focuses the corporation’s purpose on maximizing the wealth of owners by maximizing the
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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: EFFECTS ON FIRM PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH by Maria Maher and Thomas Andersson ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT © OECD 19992 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: EFFECTS ON FIRM PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................................... 3 I. Introduction......................................................
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person becomes a shareholder and owner of the corporation. Shareholder and corporations are liable. THE LIMITED LIABILITY OF SHAREHOLDER One of the key advantages of the corporate forms is the limited liability of its owners. Corporate shareholders normally are not personally liable for the obligations of the corporation beyond the extent of their investments. CORPORATE TAXATION Corporate profits are taxed‚ and do not receives tax deduction for dividends distributed to shareholders. Profits that
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INTRODUCTION A Shareholders’ Agreement is an agreement amongst the shareholders of a company. When a company is created‚ its founding shareholders determine how a company will be owned and managed. The Shareholders’ Agreement establishes rules to govern the relationship between two or more owners of a company. Without a shareholders’ agreement in place‚ the rules that apply are in the applicable corporate statute. The shareholders’ agreement creates an overlay that addresses issues created or left
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did not support firms acting illegally‚ unethically‚ or immorally; he believed the goal of firms was to maximize shareholder wealth within the legal boundaries of society. Government and citizens should assume their rightful roles by setting and maintaining those limits. Several concepts prove why the ethical responsibility of a corporation should be placed internally‚ on producing profit‚ rather than addressing social issues. Friedman’s philosophy supports the rights of shareholders and says that
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Instruction The ultimate goal of a customer-oriented organization is to maximize its customer satisfaction. This topic is about the relation between the profit of a customer-oriented organization and its customer satisfaction. “The customer is KING.”. It heralds the emergence of new business paradigms that will keep pace with a world rapid changing under the impact of development. The following word will show what are the changes of marketing‚ what is the customer satisfaction‚ why the customer
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private placement of shares as compared with a public issue. (1 mark) 3. The shareholders of Quinninup Ltd hold 25 000 A class ordinary shares‚ fully paid at $4.50 each. On 17 April 2012‚ the company directors voted to make a 1 for 5 rights offer to these shareholders. The additional shares were offered at $1.75 each‚ payable in full one month after acceptance. The offer closed on 31 May 2012 with 90% of the shareholders accepting. Shares were duly allotted on that date and all monies were received
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Maximizing Shareholder Value: The Role of the Financial Manager Today ’s business world shows a huge diversification in the shareholders of one company. In most countries‚ each investor only holds a very small fraction of issued shares by one corporation. This includes also the senior management. Determining the objectives of the firm is not necessarily a straightforward task because the typical firm will have many types of participants. Among these participants are shareholders‚ creditors
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