Introduction DNA‚ or deoxyribonucleic acid‚ is a double stranded helical structure used to store genetic information in cellular organisms. DNA usually consists of two strands made up of nucleotides‚ each with a backbone of repeating units of phosphate groups and the sugar‚ deoxyribose‚ bonded by phosphodiester linkages. Since the deoxyribose has a specific orientation‚ DNA molecules have directionality so that DNA sequences are read 5’ to 3’. The 5’ end of DNA is characterized by the deoxyribose
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Introduction: A chemical reaction involves the breaking and forming of bonds in order to create the necessary energy required to cause movement. Each reaction is catalyzed (an increase in rate because of a present catalyst) by a specific enzyme. Enzymes are able to denature proteins‚ meaning that a protein loses its original shape by uncoiling‚ giving it a random‚ unstructured shape. The pineapple plant contains bromelain which‚ because of its unique characteristics‚ keeps gelatin from thickening
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All chemical reactions are processed through energy exchanges. Chemical reactions either absorb energy or release energy into their surroundings. In thermodynamics‚ endothermic reactions absorb energy where exothermic reactions release energy. In this experiment‚ we will be observing the chemical reactions that occur when a specific liquid is combined with a specific solid. We will measure the temperature of the liquid before the solid is added. Then we will measure the temperature of the liquid
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Demonstration of the Rates of Reaction Between Sulphuric Acid (25mL ±0.5mL) and Magnesium (0.02g ±0.01g) Changing Due to Different Surface Areas By Chania Baldwin Introduction: When sulphuric acid and magnesium are added together‚ magnesium sulphate and hydrogen gas is created. To create such a reaction the atoms must collide with a sufficient amount of energy. Every reaction requires a different amount of energy to create the reaction‚ which is called the activation energy; when there is not enough
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by Georg Wittig in 1954‚ the Wittig reaction is a robust organic synthesis method for preparing stereospecific alkenes. In general‚ Wittig reactions involve an aldehyde or ketone and a Wittig reagent (triphenylphosphonium ylide) and result in the formation of an alkene product and triphenylphosphine oxide (side product). Stereospecific alkene products can be synthesized by adjusting the reaction reagents and conditions. In the 60 years since the Wittig reaction was discovered‚ many articles have
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In this lab my group and I tested to see how yeast would react to different substances. Yeast is a fungi that releases carbon dioxide which can be used in the process of bread making. During this lab we used sugar‚ warm water‚ cornstarch‚ yeast‚ a gas sensor‚ plastic cylinders‚ and a laptop. The process of this lab was to create cellular respiration‚ which is what cells do to break up sugars into a form that the cell can use as energy. When yeast and a certain substance were combined‚ this substance
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Grignard Reaction: Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Hai Liu TA: Ara Austin Mondays: 11:30-2:20 Abstract: In this experiment‚ phenylmagnesium bromide‚ a Grignard reagent was synthesized from bromobenzene and magnesium strips in a diethyl ether solvent. The Grignard reagent was then converted to triphenylmethanol‚ a tertiary alcohol with HCl. The reaction for phenylmagnesium bromide was: The reaction for Grignard to triphenylmethanol was: In the formation of the Grignard reagent
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of the reaction: The effect of the temperature of the reaction on the activity of the purified enzyme was carried out by make the enzymatic reaction for 10 minutes at different temperature 25‚30‚35‚40‚45‚50‚60 and 70°C using an enzyme protein 0.1mg/reaction mixture and substrate concentration of 15 mg/reaction mixture‚ using a control of previously heated enzyme solution in the reaction. The data recorded in (table 27) and (figure 29) illustrate the effect of temperature of the reaction on the pectinase
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98.) Consider the unbalanced redox reaction: Cr2O72- (aq ) + Cu(s ) → Cr3+ (aq ) + Cu2+ Balance the equation in acidic solution and determine how much of a 0.850 M K2Cr2O7 solution is required to completely dissolve 5.25 g of Cu. Nitric acid is usually purchased in concentrated form with a 70.3% HNO3 concentration by mass and a density of 1.41 g/mL. How much of the concentrated stock solution in milliliters should you use to make 2.5 L of 0.500 M HNO3? Mass %= Mass Solute/ Mass Solvent + Mass
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Introduction‚ aim and hypothesis Chemical reactions are accompanied by the release or absorption of energy. Reactions which release energy are described as exothermic and those which absorb energy are endothermic. The energy released in chemical reactions was previously stored as chemical potential energy in the reactants; this stored energy is called enthalpy. The aim of this practical is to observe and classify chemical processes as endothermic or exothermic‚ based on the changes in temperature
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