IB Chemistry Summary- By Paul Li & Silvia Riggioni TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents............................................................................................................................................................ 1 Atomic Theory................................................................................................................................................................ 3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum.............................................
Free Atom Periodic table Covalent bond
together. Cell membranes are also used as a gateway for waste projects that must be discharged and essential materials (oxygen‚ water‚ etc.) must enter through it. When a membrane is called semipermeable‚ it means that it will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion and occasionally specialized facilitated diffusion. When the cell membrane expends energy‚ it is known as active transport‚ or when the process is driven by kinetic energy‚ it is passive transport. Hypotheses Activity
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→Mn(OH)2 + H+ and is most stable in acid solutions. Manganese (III) is also slowly reduced by water.(Liptrot‚1993) 4 Mn3+ + 2 H2O → 4 Mn2+ + 4H+ + O2 Metal acetylacetonates are coordination complexes derived from the acetylacetonate anion and metal ions‚ usually transition metals. The ligand acetylacetonate is often abbreviated acac. Typically both oxygen atoms bind to the metal to form a six-membered chelate ring. The simplest complexes have the formula M(acac)3 and M(acac)2. Mixed-ligand complexes
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Cell Membrane Transport ZOOL 2011.19 A. Introduction: Cells are the most significant building blocks of all living things. They are also the tiniest living organisms in the human body which provides structure for the body and intake nutrients that become energy. Cell membranes control what goes in and out the cell‚ it protects it. The lipid bilayer describes the membrane of both animal and plant cells where the properties that make up phospholipids are very important
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determine the rate law graphically from the rate of disappearance and the x y values also the specific rate constant (k). Activation energy was also determined‚ and the effect of catalyst was evaluated in the reaction between peroxodisulphate ion S2O82-‚ and iodide ion‚ I-. S2O82-(aq) + 3 I-(aq) --> 2 SO42-(aq) + I3(aq) The general expression for the rate law‚ given this overall reaction‚ is: rate of disappearance of S2O82- = k[S2O82-]m[I-]n Chemical Kinetics is the chemistry of how fast or slow
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Reports Aim: To observe what happens during and after a chemical reaction. Equipment: Concentrated nitric acid in a glass dropping bottle Small pieces of Copper 250ml Beaker 2 M Lead nitrate in a dropping bottle 2 M Potassium iodide in a dropping bottle 2 M Copper sulfate in a dropping bottle 2 M Sodium hydroxide in a dropping bottle 2 M Hydrochloric acid in a dropping bottle 4 Pyrex test tubes Test tube rack Spatula Bunsen burner‚ gauze mat Sandpaper
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the majority of the agarose gel‚ thus providing sufficient time for separation. Air isn’t a great conductor of electricity‚ so we cover the gel with electrophoresis buffer. Electrophoresis buffer is a salt solution. It isn’t table salt‚ but the salt ions can carry an electrical charge just like salt water can. The salt in the electrophoresis buffer completes the circuit between the positive and negative electrodes. When the electrodes of the gel box are connected to a power supply‚
Free Chromatography Thin layer chromatography Hydrochloric acid
experiment we will be comparing the both SN1 and SN2 reactions using various compounds and sodium iodide and silver nitrate. We will be comparing the nature of the leaving group (Cl vs Br) in the 1-halobutanes as well as the effect of the structure of the compound. The effect of the solvent polarity and temperature will also be looked at. Name Structure M.W. M.P. B.P. Density Toxicity Sodium Iodide NaI 149.89 g/mol 661ºC 1304ºC 3.67 g/cm3 Yes Silver Nitrate AgNO3 169.87 g/mol 212ºC
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The Advanced Placement Examination in Chemistry Part II - Free Response Questions & Answers 1970 to 2007 Thermodynamics Teachers may reproduce this publication‚ in whole or in part‚ in limited print quantities for non-commercial‚ face-to-face teaching purposes. This permission does not apply to any third-party copyrights contained within this publication. Advanced Placement Examination in Chemistry. Questions copyright© 1970-2007 by the College Entrance
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T2:BIOCHEMISTRY AND ANALYSIS:DETECTION OF FATS‚PROTEINS AND CARBOHYDRATES OBJECTIVE The main purpose of the experiment is to understand some general tests that detect fats‚proteins and carbohydrates in foods. INTRODUCTION Carbohydrates are also known as sacharides. There are 4 main groups of carbohydrates‚which are monosaccharides‚ disaccharides‚ oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Carbohydrates play an important role in living organism as it is the energy storage‚ and it also plays
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