RETAINED EARNINGS CHAPTER 19 DEFINITION: Retained Earnings represents the cumulative balance of: Periodic net income or loss Dividend distribution Prior periodic errors Changes in accounting policy‚ and Other capital adjustments The illustrative statements of financial position and statement of changes in equity in IAS 1 and IAS 8 still maintain the title “retained earnings” 2 KINDS OF RETAINED EARNINGS Unappropriated Appropriated UNAPPROPRIATED RETAINED EARNINGS Represent
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Earning management is good or not? Introdcution This essay is to examine whether earning management is it good or bad. Though there is so many debate about whether it should be accepted to be good rather than bad‚ however‚ this essay will explain the both side of earnings management. Earnings management reduces the quality of financial reporting‚ it can interfere with the resource allocation in the economy and can bring adverse consequences to the financial market. This essay analyses both‚ causes
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and contrast Accrual Earnings Management and Real Earnings Management. Real Earnings Management: a. Real activities manipulation: managers try to mislead at least some of their stakeholders to believe that the financial reporting goals have been met through normal operational practices. However‚ this is not a value added activity‚ sometimes may even reduce firm value because current actions will have negative effect on future cash flow. b. It is probable that real earnings management will have
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(2006) 511–529 www.elsevier.com/locate/jfec CEO incentives and earnings management$ Daniel Bergstressera‚Â Thomas Philipponb a Harvard Business School‚ Boston MA 02163‚USA NYU Stern School of Business‚ New York‚ NY 10012‚USA b Received 25 September 2003; accepted 13 October 2004 Available online 22 December 2005 Abtract We provide evidence that the use of discretionary accruals to manipulate reported earnings is more pronounced at firms where the CEO’s potential total compensation
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HUB HUB RESEARCH PAPER Earnings management: a literature review S. Verbruggen‚ J. Christaens‚ and K. Milis HUB RESEARCH PAPER 2008/14. FEBRUARI 2008 Hogeschool – Universiteit Brussel Stormstraat 2‚ 1000 Brussel‚ Belgium T: +32 2 210 12 11 F: + 32 2 217 64 64 Earnings management: a literature review S. Verbruggen‚ Hogeschool Universiteit Brussel Prof dr. J. Christaens‚ Universiteit Gent Prof. dr. K. Milis‚ Hogeschool Universiteit Brussel Abstract Based on a literature review of major
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UNIVERSITY OF GHANA BUSINESS SCHOOL MBA: ACCOUTING THEORY 1 – (ADMN 631) LECTURE: JAMES KWAME OTIEKU A PRESENTATION ON EARNINGS MANAGEMENT AND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION BY EMMANUEL MENSAH ID NO: 10328957 AND PETER OPATA NYAKO ID NO: 10329653 1st October 2009 EARNINGS MANAGEMENT AND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION Introduction Accounting standards define the accounting language that management uses to communicate with the firm’s external stakeholders. By creating a framework
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Summary of Forecasting Profitability and Earnings In the competitive environment‚ there is a strong prediction in economic theory that profitability is mean reversion both within and across industries. For instance‚ under competition‚ firms will leave relatively profitless industries and turn into relatively high profitable industries. Some companies introduce new products and technologies that bring more profitability for an entrepreneur. Otherwise‚ the expectation of failure which makes companies
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How much is Tanto Supply’s 2000 after-tax earnings? c. What was the firm’s average tax rate‚ based on your findings in a? d. What is the firm’s marginal tax rate‚ based on your findings in a? 1-6 Average corporate tax rates. Using the corporate tax rate schedule given in Table 1.4‚ page 29‚ perform the following: a. Calculate the tax liability‚ after-tax earnings‚ and average tax rates for the following levels of corporate earnings before taxes: $10‚000; $80‚000; $300‚000; $1
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Earning of actors and professional athletes With the development of economy‚ people are satisfied with the physical needs. Thus people began to chase the spiritual needs. Entertainment and sports became an important way to do so. So there are many actors and professional athletes appeared. And they usually can get much money from their job‚ which many people cannot understand. Because people think actors and professional athletes are not worthy to get high salary. However‚ I think that actors and
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A propose model for linking Bank ’s efficiency in generating returns with E-Banking diffusion Case Egypt Abstract This proposal model tested the return on earnings performance of Egyptian banks following the full enforcement of electronic banking system. The study became obligatory as a result of increased penetration of electronic banking which has redefined the banking operations in Egypt and over the whole world. Judgmental sampling method was undertaken by using data collected
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