Evolution of Letters Nearly all modern alphabets are descended from an alphabet invented 4000 years ago‚ probably by a group of people related to the ancient Hebrews‚ Phoenicians‚ and Canaanites‚ living in what is now the Sinai desert. They got the idea from the Egyptians‚ but used their own simplified pictures to represented consonant sounds. The Phoenicians and others of the region simplified the pictures further and often rotated them‚ but if you use your imagination‚ you can still make out
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Pronunciation exercises Sound‚ stress‚ intonation Hints on pronunciation for foreigners I take it you already know Of tough and bough and cough and dough? Others may stumble but not you Or hiccough‚ thorough laugh and through? Well done: And now you wish perhaps To learn of these familiar traps: Beware of heard a dreadful word That looks like beard and sounds like bird. And dead: It’s said like bed‚ not bead‚ For goodness’ sake‚ don’t call it deed! Watch out for meat and great and threat‚ They rhyme
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Phonology - How Speech Sounds Combine Introduction to Linguistics for Computational Linguists 1 Speech Sounds • Phonetics - Physical basis of speech sounds – Physiology of pronunciation‚ perception – Acoustics of speech sounds • Phonology - Patterns of combination of speech sounds – Which sequences are allowed (phonotactics) – Effects of context on speech 2 Phonology • Basic elements are phonemes. • Patterns of organization are phonology. – – – – Structure of phoneme set Syllables
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the phonological development of young children or regional variations in accent‚ you will need to use phonetic transcription to be credible. But this is not necessary in all kinds of study - in an exam‚ you may be concerned with stylistic effects of sound in advertising or literature‚ such asassonance‚ rhyme or onomatopoeia - and you do not need to use special phonetic symbols to do this. Phonetics is the study of the sounds of language. These sounds are called phonemes. There are literally hundreds
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pronounced with different intonation can express different emotions. Intonation is also a powerful means of differentiating the functional styles. 2. The components of the intonation 1) Speech melody or the pitch. The sentence possesses definite phonetic features: variations of pitch or speech melody‚ pauses‚ sentence stress‚ rhythm‚ tempo and timbre. Each feature performs a definite task and all of them work simultaneously. It is generally acknowledged that the pitch of the voice or speech melody
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Lecture Intonation in English Outline 1. Intonation: definition‚ approaches‚ functions. 2. Components of intonation and the structure of English tone-group. 3. Sentence stress. 4. Rhythm. 1. Intonation: definition‚ approaches‚ functions. Intonation is a language universal. There are no languages which are spoken without any change of prosodic parameters but intonation functions in various languages in a different way. What is the role intonation plays in the language? Intonation
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Introduction I have chosen the theme “Intonation” because it is one of the most interesting things of the speech and it is very important to acquire the proper intonation. The aim of my speech is to tell what the speech melody is and how is it connected with sentence stress and how they influence each other. Intonation is magic. It can say more than even words. Intonation can tell you about the mood and the character of the person. Each person has his own intonation. That is why already at the first
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placed on happened and the first syllable in happened is stressed. 1. Problem: Students may mispronounce happened with the /id/ or /t/ sound instead of the /d/ sound. A common mistake with past tense forms of regular verbs. Solution: Show the phonetic spelling of happened and explain that we the use /id/ sound when the infinitive ends in /t/ or /d/. We use the /t/ sound when the infinitive ends in /p/‚ /k/‚ /θ/‚ /f/‚ /s/‚ /ƒ/‚ /tƒ/ (Parrot‚ M. 2004:405). 2. Problem: Students may use the verb
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accents with attention to grammar and rounded vowels. However‚ the lower class broaden‚ strangle and nasalise their vowels. They also tend to use a lot of slang words. Early on in Pygmalion accent became the centre of attention with Henry Higgins -a phonetic enthusiast- who likes to point out where everyone comes from just by listening to their accents. This is the case with Eliza when we find that she comes from Lisson Grove (a poor area). Higgins then puts forward the idea that he can change anyone’s
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discussing vowels‚ the teacher should briefly touch base on consonants and syllables. However‚ one should not get too involved with those concepts as they may become confusing for other students. Simply discuss that consonants include every letter in the alphabet except for the five vowels and that syllables are units of language that consist of one or more sounds. Along with reviewing and or teaching the concept‚ teachers should also be prepared to review basic computer skills depending on
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