Obtaining an understanding of internal control allows auditor’s to identify the types of material misstatements that could occur in the financial statements‚ consider the factors that affect the risk of material misstatements‚ and design substantive tests. An auditor obtains the understanding from researching the clients business. An auditor will take inquires from management and personnel‚ observe client activities and operations‚ walk-through the business‚ and inspect client documents and records
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President of LBJ Re: Internal Controls My Recommendation Impact of going public Public companies‚ as the result of the passing of Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002‚ are necessary to document their controls‚ assess the documented controls and have their external auditors examine their testing of controls and note down a report about the efficiency of controls surrounding financial reporting. As a result‚ there will be supplementary work on designing‚ testing and auditing of controls if you come to a decision
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income statement and a balance sheet as well as to interpret reasons why the cash position for the business does not equal to the profit for the period. By showing the spreadsheet‚ two financial statements and looking into theories of matching principle‚ prepayments and accruals‚ provisions(bad debts and depreciation)‚ it is not hard to distinguish the cash flow from the profit. Content It is vital to understand the cash position and the profit do not necessarily go together when running business
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ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS‚ INTERNAL CONTROLS‚ AND ETHICS Prepared for the course team by Vimlesh B. Narayan Unit 1 Contents Unit 1 Contents 2 Concept Map 3 Learning Outcomes 4 1.1 Introduction 5 1.2 Accounting System Design 6 System Objectives and Design Factors 6 Designing the System 8 1.3 Internal Control Systems 17 Objectives of Internal Control Systems 17 Structure of Internal Control Systems 18 Why You Should Consider the Components? 21 Internal Control Principles and Limitations
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1. What are the factors that likely explain the difference between Microsoft’s market value of equity and its reported book value of equity? Market value is the price at which an asset would trade in a competitive auction setting. Book value is the value of an asset according to its balance sheet account balance. The big difference is the inability to record certain intangible assets for example: brand value‚ human capital… these assets would provide earnings growth in the future and as far as
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songs from our individual lists and mutually discussing the tenth song. The first song is Ring of Fire by Johnny Cash. Ashley Armitage chose this song‚ and with very good reason. Ring of Fire was released in April of 1963 and has lasted through the years. It was originally recorded by Anita Carter. There is some speculation about the original writer of the song‚ June Carter or Johnny Cash. Although the years go by‚ this song is still widely known and continues to be used in many different form in today’s
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CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.9 Introduction 2.0 Objectives of an internal control system 2.1 Identify customizable components 2.2 To identify factors that promotes the effective implementation of internal control system. 2.3 Challenges associated with internal control systems. 2.4 Limitations of internal controls 2.5 To identify the top rated types of internal controls. CHAPTER TWO
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A depositary receipt is a negotiable financial instrument issued by a bank to represent a foreign company’s publicly traded securities Depositary receipts make it easier to buy shares in foreign companies because the shares of the company don’t have to leave the home state The first ADR was introduced by J.P. Morgan in 1927 for the British retailer Selfridges. A DR is a negotiable instrument issued by a U.S. depositary bank evidencing ownership of shares in a Non-U.S. corporation. Each DR
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merchants‚ so it has the potential to take over cash in making small-value payments. And “[p]redictions of a cashless society have been around for decades” (Mishkin‚ 2007‚ p. 56). Also‚ Holland and Cortese (1995) note that using E-money “could change consumers’ financial lives and shake the foundations of global financial systems”. These show that E-money has the potential to replace cash‚ and people believe in it. However‚ E-money is too soon to replace cash‚ since there are three
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Should Replace Cash Shihao Chen Azusa Pacific University Why Credit Cards Should Replace Cash One hundred years ago‚ people had a lot of bills and coins in their wallets. The wealthier they were‚ the bigger wallets they had. Now‚ things have changed. More and more people have only one piece of plastic inside their wallets. In 1949‚ when a man named Frank McNamara had dinner in a restaurant‚ he found out that he left his wallet. After the dinner‚ he decided to create an alternative to cash. He and his
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