Seaborg on or about February 9‚ 1950. It was the sixth transuranium element to be discovered; the team announced its discovery on March 17‚ 1950. To produce californium‚ a microgram-sized target of curium-242 (242/ 96Cm) was bombarded with 35 MeV-alpha particles (4/2He) in the 60-inch-diameter (1‚500 mm) cyclotron at Berkeley‚ California‚ which produced californium-245 (245/ 98Cf) plus one free neutron (n). 242 245 96Cm + 4/2He → 98Cf + 1/0n Only about 5‚000 atoms of
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Christmas of 40 or 50 years ago. It has gone from a simple reminder of the Birth of Christ‚ and the exchange of simple gifts‚ into a highly commercialized and mainly secular holiday. Still‚ most of those who celebrate Christmas are unaware of the fact that many of the things which have come to be associated with Christmas have been around for a very long time - longer than Christmas itself; and dating back much further than the birth of Jesus. Rather than being "Christian" these "things" are absolutely
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In 2002 and 2003‚ Germany and the United Kingdom‚ respectively‚ banned the sale of kava due to increasing concerns about liver damage. Other countries have since banned it. Mixed research data exists surrounding kava and reports of liver toxicity‚ says Professor Edzard Ernst‚ of Peninsula Medical School at the Universities of Exeter and Plymouth in the U.K.‚ in the October 2007 issue of the "British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology." Apparently liver damage due to kava consumption has not been a
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Biodegradation is the breakdown of polymer by microbial organism such as bacteria‚ fungi etc. into smaller compounds. The microbial organisms degrade the polymer through metabolic or enzymatic processes. Synthetic plastics are resistant to degradation‚ and consequently their disposal is fuelling an international drive for the development of biodegradable polymers. A variety of natural‚ synthetic‚ and biosynthetic polymers are bio and environmentally degradable. A polymer based on a C-C backbone tends
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POLYMER COCNCRETE 1. Introduction Despite being thought of as a modern material‚ concrete has been in use for hundreds of years. The word concrete comes from the Latin concretus‚ which means “mixed together” or compounded. Concrete is an extremely popular structural material due to its low cost and easy fabrication. Concrete is made up of sand or stone‚ known as aggregate‚ combined with cement paste to bind it. Aggregate can be of various sizes. It is broadly categorized as fine (commonly
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citáty "People use idioms to make their language richer and more colorful and to convey subtle shades of meaning or intention. Idioms are used often to replace a literal word or expression‚ and many times the idiom better describes the full nuance of meaning. Idioms and idiomatic expressions can be more precise than the literal words‚ often using fewer words but saying more. For example‚ the expression it runs in the family is shorter and more succinct than saying that a physical or personality
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CONDUCTING POLYMERS By Colin Pratt INTRODUCTION Until about 30 years ago all carbon based polymers were rigidly regarded as insulators. The idea that plastics could be made to conduct electricity would have been considered to be absurd. Indeed‚ plastics have been extensively used by the electronics industry because of this very property. They were utilized as inactive packaging and insulating material. This very narrow perspective is rapidly changing as a new class of polymer known as intrinsically
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understanding yourself in relation to others. It finds reasoning behind why people behave the way they do and what factors affect this. Anthropology has contributed in advances in the medical field‚ business world‚ and education. The more we learn about human interactions‚ the easier it becomes to progress as a society and stay clear of miscommunication. A plethora of concepts in Anthropology help explain how and why certain things came to be. Evidently‚ language has been one of humankind’s necessities
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INTERCHAPTER S Synthetic Polymers The formation of nylon by a condensation polymerization reaction at the interface of water and hexane‚ two immiscible solvents. The lower water layer contains the compound hexanedioyl dichloride‚ Cl C(CH2)4C O O Cl hexanedioyl dichloride The reaction produces nylon and HCl(aq). The polymer forms at the interface between the two solutions and is drawn out as a continuous strand. University Science Books‚ ©2011. All rights reserved. www.uscibooks.com
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Chapter 9 The World of Plastics and Polymers Overview • Plastics are all around us – Polymers‚ materials whose molecules consist of long chain of atoms • Natural • Synthetic • Use of material and impact on economy‚ lifestyle‚ and leisure – Word plastic to some carry connotation “cheap” or “tacky” – Synthetic polymers revolutionised modern life • eg plastics become important in automobile industry‚ some new plastics stronger than steel and resist corrosion‚ less dense than structural
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