detected to get it back to its normal range. Change is detected by the receptors it can be any internal organ‚ then a message is sent to the brain which is the control centre then the effectors would react to get it back to normal. • Heart rate • Breathing rate • Body temperature • Blood glucose level Homeostatic control of heart rate Role internal receptors Internal receptors detect change in blood pressure. For example when doing exercise‚ our heart rate speeds up‚ the change is detected
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Chapter 4 Exchange Background e-Learning Objectives Exchange surfaces All of the cells in your body need constant supplies of oxygen and nutrients‚ and need to get rid of waste materials‚ such as carbon dioxide‚ that are produced in their metabolic reactions. These substances are obtained from‚ or released to‚ the external environment‚ through your body’s surface. Cells and organisms have problems of scale to solve as they get bigger. As an organism gets Cube with 1 cm sides bigger‚ both its
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exiting the body through the nose returns moisture and heat to the nasal cavity before being exhaled into the environment. Mouth The mouth‚ also known as the oral cavity‚ is the secondary external opening for the respiratory tract. Most normal breathing takes place through the nasal cavity‚ but the oral cavity can be used to supplement or replace the nasal cavity’s functions when needed. Because the pathway of air entering the body from the mouth is shorter than the pathway for air entering from
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in pulmonary capillaries and breathing which is largely an involuntary activity. When breathing in (inhaling) intercostal muscles between the ribs contract‚ pulling the chest walls up and outwards. The diaphragm muscle below the lungs contracts and flattens‚ increasing the size of the chest (rib cage expands). The lungs increase in size‚ so the pressure inside them falls and enables air to rush in through the nose and mouth. When breathing out (exhaling) intercostal muscles between the ribs relax
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Function: gas exchange Supply O2 and remove CO2 from body Respiration (entire process) 1) Breathing 2) External Respiration 3) Internal Respiration 4) Cellular Respiration Stage 1: Breathing Stage 2: External Respiration Stage 3: Internal Respiration Stage 4: Cellular Respiration Inspiration: Breathing in –air from outside lungs (diaphragm moves down) Expiration: Breathing out –air from lungs outside Gas exchange occurs O2 & CO2 exchanged b/w air in lungs and blood
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us |3.4 Breathing System and |Objectives | |Excretion |At the end of this sub section students should be able to: | |3.4.4 Lungs & Breathing |Draw and identify the breathing tract in humans
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The Respiratory System STRUCTURAL PLAN Basic plan of respiratory system would be similar to an inverted tree if it were hollow; leaves of the tree would be comparable to alveoli‚ with the microscopic sacs enclosed by networks of capillaries (Figure 14-1) Passive transport process of diffusion is responsible for the exchange of gases that occur during respiration. RESPIRATORY TRACTS Upper respiratory tract—nose‚ pharynx‚ and larynx Lower respiratory tract—trachea‚ bronchial tree‚ and lungs
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Before beginning this Effective Stress Management course‚ I never gave much thought to how well my stressors were controlled. Now that we are at the end of the course‚ I have learned so many new things‚ from the kinds of stress to coping skills and even relaxation techniques. All of this newly found knowledge has helped me to compile the following plan that will help me deal with my stress in the most optimal way. A major stressor in my life is school. I find that this particular stressor triggers
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Energy Energy can be found in many forms. These forms can be- Chemical- usually found in substances Heat- this slows down energy and you may become dehydrated Sound- Your body absorbs this‚ and if you feel the energy from upbeat music Electrical – Your body absorbs this Light- Direct sunlight gives your body energy. A chemical bond that is made happens between two atoms or molecules. The energy can only be seen when the atoms or molecules have created a chemical reaction
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not required and restores oxygen levels in the atmosphere of the alveolus. This also helps maximise the concentration gradient between the alveolar air and the blood entering and exiting through the capillaries. Pulmonary ventilation is the act of breathing comprised of two phases; inhalation and exhalation. In inhalation‚ air from the environment is drawn into the lungs and in exhalation internal air is drawn out of the lungs. The main mechanisms responsible for pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric
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