PRODUCT IMPROVEMENT OR INNOVATION: WHAT IS THE KEY TO SUCCESS IN TOURISM? by Klaus Weiermair Professor and Head of the Center for Tourism and Service Economics University of Innsbruck Abstract This paper is built like a three–layered club house sandwich with the first layer providing some theoretical and conceptual insights regarding expected innovation behaviour in tourism based on available material in tourism and industrial economics. The second layer will provide empirical insights and/or testing
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people from diverse backgrounds as a result of improved economic and political systems and the recognition of human rights by all nations has put most organizations under pressure to embrace diversity at the work place. Diversity brings with it the heterogeneity that needs to be nurtured‚ cultivated and appreciated as means of increasing organizational effectiveness in this competitive world. II. BENEFITS OF WORKFORCE DIVERSITY While many organizations have embraced diversity‚
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PRADEEP K. CHINTAGUNTA* In studying retailer pricing behavior‚ researchers typically assume that retailers maximize profits across all brands in a focal product category. In this article‚ the author attempts to study empirically the extent to which three factors affect retail prices: (1) the effects of payments from manufacturers to the retailer other than regular promotions‚ as well as the effects of additional costs borne by the retailer for these brands; (2) the retailer’s objectives specific
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The Resource – Based View of the Firm and Innovation: Identification of Critical Linkages Konstantinos C. Kostopoulos Doctoral Candidate‚ Management Sciences Laboratory‚ Athens University of Economics and Business‚ 47A Evelpidon & 33 Lefkados‚ GR 113 62 Athens‚ Greece. axion@aueb.gr Yiannis E. Spanos Lecturer‚ Management Sciences Laboratory‚ Athens University of Economics and Business Gregory P. Prastacos Professor‚ Director of the Management Sciences Laboratory‚ Athens University
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Introduction The term “marketing mix” was introduced by Neil Borden in his 1964 article “The Concept of the Marketing Mix”. Borden’s (1964) original marketing mix was a list of 12 elements that make up a marketing programme. McCarthy (1964) refined Borden’s list and reduced Borden’s 12 elements to four Ps: product‚ price‚ place and promotion. In addition‚ McCarthy (1964) defined the marketing mix as “a combination of all the factors at a marketing manager’s command to satisfy the target market”
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necessary apply to product businesses. • Marketing Intangibles This makes services difficult to conceptualize and evaluate from the client perspective‚ creating increased uncertainty and perception of risk. From the firm ’s perspective‚ service intangibility can make services difficult to promote‚ control quality‚ and set price. • Services are often produced and consumed simultaneously. This creates special challenges in service quality management that product companies do not even consider. Products
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Services lie at the hub of economic activity in the United States. Service jobs account for almost 80 percent of total U.S. employment. As such‚ we say that the U.S. has a service economy. Within this service economy‚ the term service has several meanings when paired with other words. For example‚ a service firm is defined as one that derives more than 50 percent of its sales from providing services. RCA’s service revenues now exceed its revenues from electronic manufacturing. A service package is
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Grand Challenges in the late 1970s and 1980s: The grand challenge in the late 1970s and 1980s was how to ‘Supply’‚ information for business operations. There were inadequate storage and processing capacity. The clinical information system was more centralized and less flexible. Lack of integration and difficulty in obtaining important information were the major barriers. It was less efficient and was highly expensive. In 1980s‚ clinical information system was mostly used to integrate clinical and
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of differential intensification. • The last part is the reentrant gesturing amid the dissimilar neuronal groups that lets the spatiotemporal continuity in reply to the different real world connections. Degeneracy: Because of the neuronal heterogeneity or known the degeneracy‚ it became possible to examine as many circuits with different sets of inputs to have a better understanding‚ of which neuronal groups will respond appropriately statistically. There are therefore emergences of distributed
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Assignment The purpose of this abstract is to summarize and evaluate the paper „Is the resource-based “view” a useful perspective for strategic management research “ written by RICHARD L. PRIEM and JOHN E. BUTLER. I. Summarization The authors try to clarify the fundamental theoretical statements of the resource based view (RBV) and specify its fundamental contributions to knowledge. PRIEM and BUTLER try to answer two basic questions: 1. Is the foundational and unembellished RBV actually a
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