There are many ways in which substances can move across the cell membrane and in which then helps in the function of the body (cells‚ tissues and organs) overall. There are 3 processes that a substance can move across the membrane‚ theses are diffusion (simple and facilitated)‚ osmosis and active transport. Both diffusion and osmosis are passive processes‚ which mean they do not need energy to occur‚ whereas active transport does require energy. All three processes are involved in many functions
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cells‚ are specialized to capture specific forms of energy- whether heat‚ light‚ chemical‚ or mechanical (1). The environmental cues that are detected by our receptors on the surface of our body are then transformed into electrical signals‚ or nerve impulses‚ that can be sent to the brain for processing. This ensures communication between the environment and our internal system‚ specifically‚ our brain. For instance‚ if we touch a very hot surface‚ the receptors on that area of our body recognize
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usually not the brightest things‚ and chalked it up to hormones. Now‚ however‚ there is proof that the immature acts of teenagers have a physiological cause behind them. The nerve endings in their brains are not protected adequately yet to prevent them from acting on every little impulse without regard for the consequences. The nerve endings have a covering‚ called myelin‚ which develop over time and teenagers just have not had enough time to be protected from themselves. This developmental process
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“The structures of body systems are determined by their functions”. Discuss this statement‚ focussing on the Circulatory System. You should include diagrams and relevant examples in your essay. In order to survive it is necessary for every cell in the body to exchange materials as not all cells are in contact with the external environment; we rely on the circulatory system to do this which is composed of the heart‚ blood vessels and blood. The heart consists of four chambers two atria and two ventricles
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temperature & vibration) – Temporal lobes (memory & language functions) – Occipital lobes (vision) Cerebral Cortex Cerebral Cortex Cerebral Medulla • Composed of myelinated axons (white matter) of the neurons. • The axons conduct nerve impulses to and from different areas of the nervous system. • There are a group of cell bodies (gray matter) in the medulla known as basal ganglia or extrapyramidal system. – Basal ganglia involved in the regulation of motor activity – Degeneration
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BIO 201 – HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I CHAPTER 13: THE BRAIN AND CRANIAL NERVES- CLASS LECTURE NOTES VISUAL A & P‚MARTINI SECTION 1: FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF BRAIN AND CRANIAL NERVES INTRODUCTION: Brain characteristics A. Equals ~97% of body’s neural tissue in adults B. “Typical” brain 1. Weighs 1.4 kg (3 lb) 2. Volume of 1200 mL (71 in.3) C. Size varies among individuals 1. Male brains are ~10% larger than female (related to body size) 2. No correlation between
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two extensions. Bipolar cells are specialized sensory neurons for the transmission of special senses. As such‚ they are part of the sensory pathways for smell‚ sight‚ taste‚ hearing and vestibular functions They are found in the vestibulocochlear nerve‚ but reference to bipolar neurons is usually to cells in the retina. A unipolar cell is a type of neuron in which only one protoplasmic process (neurite) extends from the cell body. Most neurons are multipolar‚ generating several dendrites and an
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LABORATORY REPORT Activity 4: Generation of Action Potentials Name: Instructor: Date: PREDICTIONS 1. Exceeding the threshold depolarization at the trigger zone DECREASES the likelihood of generation of action potential. 2. Action potential amplitude: DOES NOT CHANGE with distance 3. Increasing frequency of stimulation to the trigger zone: DOES NOT increase the production of action potentials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiment 1: Effect of Stimulus Strength on Action Potential Generation
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together with a tube.1‚2 Golgi also theorized that the that the nerve impulses were able to travel in any direction.2 The supporters of the neuron
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The axons are | |processes of pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex‚ and they carry information‚ in the form of patterns of nerve | |impulses‚ from cells of one hemisphere to cells in the contralateral hemisphere. The cell bodies of the axons in the | |corpus callosum are found mostly in the second and third layers (the Outer Granular Layer and the Outer Pyramidal Layer
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