Define the following word parts. Ax-‚ axle: axon – cylindrical nerve process that carries impulses away from a neuron cell body. Dendr-‚ tree: dendrite – branched nerve process that serves as the receptor surface of a neuron. Funi-‚ cord‚ rope: funilicus – funiculi of spinal cord or bundle of nerve fibers. Gangli-‚ knot: ganglia – deliver information to the body -lemm‚ rind or peel: neurilemma – sheath that surrounds the myelin of a nerve cell process. Mening-‚ meninges - The three fibrous membranes
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parasympathetic effects by binding to muscarinic cholinergic receptors‚ which activate G-proteins and opens potassium channels known as hyperpolarisation‚ while closing sodium and calcium channels (Pal and Pal‚ 2006). The action of acetylcholine in inhibiting impulse formation‚ conduction and in weakening auricular contraction‚ exhibits a stimulating effect‚ particularly on the ventricle (McDowall‚
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epilepsy began in the mid-1800s‚ with the works ofthree English neurologists: Russell Reynolds‚ John Hughlings Jackson‚ and Sir WilliamRichard Gowers (Rose‚ 1999). Jackson defined a seizure as "an occasional‚ an excessive‚and a disorderly discharge of nerve tissue on muscles." (Chillemi‚ 2012).His definition isstill used to describe seizures.Epilepsy is classified into different types‚ depending on part of brain that is affected andthe resulting seizure. However‚ all type of epilepsies have the same symptoms;characterized
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Cerebral Cortex does: Thinking‚ reasoning‚ learning‚ senses‚ voluntary muscle contraction‚ problem solving and memory‚ intelligence‚ sense of responsibility‚ perception. Three types of area in the cerebral cortex and functions: Sensory: Interpret impulses from receptors Motor: Control muscular movements Association: Concerned with intellectual and emotional processes 6. Location of the cerebellum: Under the rear part of the cerebrum. Located right at the back of the brain. Has to receive sensory
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each other by way of electrical nerve impulses. The cells in nervous tissue that generate and conduct impulses are called neurons or nerve cells. These cells have three principal parts: the dendrites‚ the cell body‚ and one axon. The main part of the cell‚ the part that carries on the general functions‚ is the cell body. Dendrites are extensions‚ or processes‚ of the cytoplasm that carry impulses to the cell body. An extension or process called an axon carries impulses away from the cell
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Chapter 2 Outline The Biological Perspective Neuron A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell Dendrites Dendrites are treelike extensions at the beginning of a neuron that help increase the surface area of the cell body and are covered with synapses Soma The soma is the cell body of a neuron. Axon The Axon of a neuron is a singular fiber that carries information away from the soma to the synaptic sites of other neurons (dendrites and somas)‚ muscles‚ Glial
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Spring 2014 Using the Figure‚ match the following: 1) Innervates the superior oblique muscle. 2) Longest cranial nerve. 3) Damage to this nerve would cause dizziness‚ nausea‚ and loss of balance. 4) Involved in movement of the digestive tract. 5) Damage to this nerve would cause difficulty in speech and swallowing‚ but no effect on visceral organs. 6) Damage to this nerve would keep the eye from rotating inferolaterally. Using the Figure‚ identify the following components of the reflex arc:
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connective tissue coverings of bones and muscles Inform brain of one’s movements depending on stretch of organs (3) Compare and contrast phasic and tonic adaptation. Be able to provide one example of a receptor for each. Phasic: Fast adapting Bursts of impulses at the beginning and end of stimulus Report changes in external and internal environment Examples: Receptors for pressure‚ touch‚ and smell Tonic: Sustained response that adapt slowly or not at all Examples: nociceptors and most proprioceptors
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biochemical pathway. TH is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway‚ because it determines the overall rate of DA or NE formation. * The activity of TH is regulated by a variety of factors‚ including how much DA or NE is present within the nerve terminal. * Catecholamine formation can be increased by the administration of a biochemical precursor such as L-DOPA. * Vesicular packaging is important not only because it provides a means for releasing a predetermined amount of neurotransmitter
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environment or within that bring about the reaction eg: touching a hot plate. Response : The reaction of our body to these changes. eg. withdrawal of our hand How do we detect that we are touching a hot object? Receptors : Are specialised tips of some nerve cells that detect the information from the environment. Receptors are Sense Organs Inner Ear Photo receptors Eyes Skin Olfactory Receptor (Nose) Gustatory Receptor (Tongue) Hearing/ Balance of the body Visual Stimulus
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