Pathologic Mechanisms of Septic Shock Kenneth J. Goodrum‚ Ph.D. OUCOM Topics ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Definitions: SIRS‚sepsis‚shock‚MODS Morbidity/mortality of Sepsis/Shock Pathogenesis of shock Microbial triggers(endotoxin‚ TSSTs) Cytokine and non-cytokine mediators of SIRS and shock Pathophysiology of shock Therapy Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) ● ● ● ● ● Systemic inflammatory response to a variety of severe clinical insults manifested by ≥ 2 of the following conditions
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The ischemic (ischaemic) cascade is a series of biochemical reactions that take place in the brain and other aerobic tissues after seconds to minutes of ischemia (inadequate blood supply).[1] This is typically secondary to stroke‚ injury‚ or cardiac arrest due to heart attack. Most ischemic neurons that die do so due to the activation of chemicals produced during and after ischemia.[2] The ischemic cascade usually goes on for two to three hours but can last for days‚ even after normal blood flow
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease (1) characterized by a breakdown of B and T cells tolerance to self-antigens (2). Defective clearance of apoptotic cells could promote the release of autoantigens which in turn trigger autoimmune responses(3‚ 4). Generated immune dysfunctions lead to the production of abundant of autoantibodies and inflammatory cytokines(5‚ 6). SLE can affect various organs of the body‚ on people of both sexes‚ all ages and all ethnic
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Gout is a disease that is commonly misdiagnosed because it is often mistaken for rheumatoid arthritis or infection‚ when in reality it is much more. The history of gout goes back 2640BC in the time of the Ancient Egyptians. At this time it was often called “the un-walkable disease” because of the excruciating pain felt in the foot or toe joints. Later it became known as “king’s disease” or “rich man’s disease” because it was a disease most commonly associated with those that could afford ample food
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Melasma‚ sometimes known as chloasma‚ is a fairly common skin disorder that results in discoloration of the pigmentation. This spotty‚ brown color can be seen over the surface of the skin‚ but it is usually found around areas easily targeted by the sun‚ such as the face and the upper extremities. The epidermal‚ dermal‚ and mixed are three different types of melasma. It is stemmed genetically‚ but it usually only presents itself when triggered. The diagnosis is practically clean cut‚ and the treatment
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Chewing gum has been a part of my daily schedule for the past 5 years. So‚ researching this item has shed some light on what I really have been chewing. Whether it was for refreshing my breath or just to take away a craving it has become a necessity for my day. What could be wrong with a five calorie snack that i’ve been chewing for a majority of my life. I was astonished with the ingredients found used to make the gum. Although I didn’t recognize any of the ingredients it still sparked my interest
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Anthrax Pathogen Info: • Rod-shaped‚ spore-forming bacteria with square ends • Spores are inactive until they enter a live host; can survive for decades prior to infection. • Pathogenicity: • Forms a protective protein capsule to avoid phagocytosis • Anthrax toxin (all from RCSB source‚ Anthrax toxin.‚ other journals that are bookmarked) • Three parts (EF and LF attack signaling parts of cell) • Edema factor (EF) is an adenyl cyclase enzyme. It attacks ATP‚ turns it into cyclic AMP‚ and creates
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Unit 21: Biomedical science techniques Microbes and Anti-microbial effects Task 3 a) An infection is when bacteria‚ fungi or any other organisms enter the body‚ and cause infection by multiplying‚ producing toxins and invading and damaging cells. When a person is infected‚ they may become ill‚ but an infection does not always lead to illness. There are three types of reservoirs of infection for human diseases; these include human reservoirs‚ animal reservoirs and non-living reservoirs. Human
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Human scabies‚ an ectoparasitosis transmitted to humans via direct or indirect skin contact‚ is caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis - a mite targeting only human beings. Skin eruption with classical scabies is attributable to both the infestation and a hypersensitivity reaction to the mite. Scabies is generally a nuisance on account of itching‚ rash‚ and its ability to spread easily‚ although there is a possibility of superinfection (especially with Streptococcus pyogenes). The most common
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Having psoriasis does not at all times give you noticeable and definite signs and symptoms ‚ however there are common psoriasis symptoms that will assist you get a far better idea as to whether you possess this disorder or otherwise . If you ever show indications of psoriasis‚ it’s wise to consult your doctor or health care professional for a sanctioned medical diagnosis. Psoriasis usually brings about patches of skin which are dehydrated‚ red-colored and covered in silver scales. Many people discover
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