basic types: pastoral and nomadic societies and urban-based river civilizations. Between these two types of society‚ there were large differences in economic development‚ political structure‚ and even to some extent gender relations. The fates of these two types of societies were also very different. The nomadic society began hundreds of thousands of years ago and still consists of the same fundamental lifestyle‚ but the urban civilizations‚ which came relatively recently‚ rapidly outpaced these nomadic
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’sari’ is believed to derive from the Sanskrit word ’sati’‚ which means strip of cloth. This evolved into the Prakrit ’sadi’ and the sound later decayed into ’sari’. Some versions of the history of Indian clothing trace the sari back to the Indus valley civilization‚ which flourished in 2800-1800 BC. Some costume historians believe that the men’s dhoti‚ which is the oldest Indian draped garment‚ is the forerunner of the sari. They say that until the 14th century‚ the dhoti was worn by both men and
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cause of reduction of natural resources. Sindh province occupies 14.09 million ha of the lower Indus plain. Agriculture‚ forestry and pasture are three main land uses in the province. The Indus River traverse through Sindh like a mid-rib covering 865kms‚ from Guddu Barrage to Arabian Sea and is the only source of water for irrigation‚ forestry and human consumption. Riverine tract and delta formed by River Indus occupies a special significance in economy and ecology of Sindh province. Agricultural expansion
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indicates that essential human needs should not be sold or distributed based on who can pay most. After our group discusses this news‚ we come up with few archaeological sites. The first archaeological site we came up with is Harrappan civilization in the Indus Valley. Archaeologists found there were no drama royal tombs and no expression of stratification. In other words‚ the mortuary objects and styles of tombs between governor and citizens did not have the difference. Under this situation‚ the society
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people and up - large territories * 4 distinct sizes of settlements. Ex: cities‚ towns‚ large and small villages * often large‚ densely-populated cities - intensive agriculture 3. Great Zimbabwe vs. London : 13b.s 4. Mohenjo -Daro‚ Indus Valley cs. 2000 B.C 5. Inka Ag Terrace at Moray ca. A.D. 1200 - 1532 6. States: - permanent leaders * With monnopoly on legitimate use of force * military/police and judiciary - Stratified society * Socio-economic hierarchy with at least
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patterns to shape the larger society. They had a high degree of standardization due to the Indus River which facilitated trade and communication. Mohenjo-daro had a very sophisticated water/sewage program. Harappans had deities associated with creation and procrastination. How do historians and archeologists explain the decline of the Harappan culture? Ecological degradation-Harappans deforested Indus River Valley leading to erosion of top soil and a reduced amount of rainfall. This meant agriculture
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To build the civilization‚ a well-organized central government plays a vital role in a country. This would help a society as cities developed and expanded‚ the food supply and irrigation systems needed to be maintained. Governments‚ such as councils or religious leaders‚ began to oversee the business and existence of the cities. For example‚ the Mesopotamians had several kings who ruled their own territories. This resulted in the issues of empowerment as well as internal fights. On the other hand
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The Indus river valley is now Pakistan and extends into modern day Indian states of Gujarat‚ Rajasthan‚ Haryana‚ and Punjab. The Indus river valley is a big flood area. There was a huge flood that killed thousands of people‚ others were injured and 150‚000 evacuated. In the future‚ something like this could happen again due to the unpredictable flooding of the Indus River. There could also be greater problems like water scarcity‚ droughts‚ and food shortages because of the growing population and
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based on their abilities‚ skills‚ and conditions of their time and place. In Mohenjo-Daro they had technology such as two wheeled carts and sewer systems. The sewer systems were built to remove dirty water and waste out of the home and into the Indus River. These sewer systems allowed them to have bathrooms throughout the city. The reason for the cart was for hauling grain or crops to a destination. Having oxen pull was a great help because loads could get very heavy. Both inventions during
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0-618-78923-5 123456789–XX–10 09 08 07 06 Contents CHAPTER 1 – NATURE‚ HUMANITY‚ AND HISTORY TO 3500 B.C.E. ................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2 – THE FIRST RIVER-VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS‚ 3500–1500 B.C.E. .................................... 7 CHAPTER 3 – NEW CIVILIZATIONS IN THE EASTERN AND WESTERN HEMISPHERES‚ 2200–250 B.C.E. .......................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 4 – THE
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