Distribution of Income • The fifth macroeconomical goals to ensure that income distribution is equitable. Equitable means fair‚ but fairness is an elusive concept and it means different things to different people. • A more equitable distribution may help to accelerate growth and promote human and economic development in many ways: • The propensity to consume of the poor is higher than that of the rich so redistribution will increase aggregate demand especially for basic goods and services.
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The different between the formats of financial statements (income statement and balance sheet) for different types of business such as sole proprietorship‚ partnership and limited company Each company will have different economic sectors so they use different financial statements with different format that satisfy those sectors. The financial statements collect the financial records form the sales and purchases produce‚ the net taxable profit or loss for each month. Different types of business use
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The Income Statement This indicates financial performance over a period of time. It is usually done at the end of a financial year (30th June)‚ but an income statement can be made up at other times‚ e.g.‚ if a business wishes to apply for a loan‚ the bank may ask for a more recent income statement. The other names for this kind of statement are Revenue Statement and Profit and Loss Statement. Income Statement for Ima Mess‚ year ended 30.6.12 |
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PERSONAL COPY/ NOT FOR SALE OR CIRCULATION (Session 2012-13) INTRODUCTION HISTORY OF INCOME-TAX: 1. India’ trust with income tax dates back to 1859 when James Wilson‚ Finance member in the Council of India‚ came to the country to establish the tax structure‚ a new paper currency and to remodel the finance system. 2. A bill imposing tax on profits from property‚ professions‚ trades and offices was passed by the Legislative Council of India. It received the assent of the Governor General on July
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History Income tax levels in India were very high during 1950-1980‚ in 1970-71 there were 11 tax slabs with highest tax rate being 93.5% including surcharges. In 1973-74 highest rate was 97.5%. But to reduce tax evasion tax rates were reduced later on‚ by "1992-93" maximum tax rates were reduced to 40%. [2][3] [edit]Residential status‚ Scope of taxable income & Charge [edit]Charge to Income-tax Whose income exceeds the maximum amount‚ which is not chargeable to the income tax‚ is an assesse
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However‚ almost every income earner has to pay federal income tax. An income tax is a tax levied on the financial income of persons‚ corporations‚ or other legal entities. Various income tax systems exist‚ with varying degrees of tax incidence. Income taxation can be progressive‚ proportional‚ or regressive. When the tax is levied on the income of companies‚ it is often called a corporate tax‚ corporate income tax‚ or profit tax. Individual income taxes often tax the total income of the individual‚
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INCOME CONCEPTS The Purpose of Income Reporting Income is used… 1 As the basis of one of the principal forms of taxation. 2 In public reports as a measure of the success of a corporation’s operations. 3 As a criterion for the determination of the availability of dividends. 4 By rate-regulating authorities for investigating whether those rates are fair and reasonable. 5 As a guide to trustees charged with distributing income to a life tenant while preserving the principal for a remainder man
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disposable income. B. Total consumer spending divided by total income. C. Disposable income divided by consumption. D. The change in disposable income divided by the change in consumption. 2) Assume a consumption function is C = 500 + .80 Yd. This means A. Consumers will save 80 cents out of each additional dollar in disposable income. B. Consumers will spend $500 in addition to current income. C. Consumers will spend $500 plus 80 cents out of each dollar of disposable income D. he marginal
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capital gain and taxable income of $35‚000. If taxpayer collects the entire $10‚000 during the current year‚ $8‚000 needs to be included in gross income. True False 4. A cash basis taxpayer must include as income the proceeds from the sale of an account receivable to a collection agency. True False 5. If an account receivable written off during a prior year is subsequently collected during the current year‚ the amount collected must be included in the gross income of the current year
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dividends account is closed to the Income Summary account in order to properly determine net income (or loss) for the period. 10. After closing entries have been journalized and posted‚ all temporary accounts in the ledger should have zero balances. 11. Closing revenue and expense accounts to the Income Summary account is an optional bookkeeping procedure. 12. Closing the dividends account to Retained Earnings is not necessary if net income is greater than dividends during
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