Classificatory smoothing of Income with Extraordinary Items - Summary Within this paper they talk about whether extraordinary items are used to smooth ordinary or operating income over time. The role of extraordinary items was never really looked at become separately and that is what they wanted to look at. They talk about how previously the focus was on net income after extraordinary items but that it is important to look at net income before extraordinary items also
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University of Central Punjab * Assignment: Income tax return filling * Presented to: Prof Imran Shehzad * Presented by: Sami Elahi * Registration number: L1F11MCOM2077 * Date: 12-01-2013 Question (Case study) Tax year 2013 Mr. Sami is employee of a private company with following emoluments’. * Basic salary 60‚000 PM * Medical allowance 8‚000 PM * House rent allowance
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PERSONAL COPY/ NOT FOR SALE OR CIRCULATION (Session 2012-13) INTRODUCTION HISTORY OF INCOME-TAX: 1. India’ trust with income tax dates back to 1859 when James Wilson‚ Finance member in the Council of India‚ came to the country to establish the tax structure‚ a new paper currency and to remodel the finance system. 2. A bill imposing tax on profits from property‚ professions‚ trades and offices was passed by the Legislative Council of India. It received the assent of the Governor General on July
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Income Inequality Gap Over the years America’s inequality income gap has been growing‚ between the rich and the poor. There are many reasons why this is happening. Andrew Carnegie‚ John Kenneth Galbraith and Joseph Stiglitz may agree with me‚ but believe there are different reasons why and how it should be dealt with. I would have to say that I agree that Galbraith’s idea is what is better for America now. In the essay “The Gospel of Wealth” Andrew Carnegie says that the rich should invest
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capital gain and taxable income of $35‚000. If taxpayer collects the entire $10‚000 during the current year‚ $8‚000 needs to be included in gross income. True False 4. A cash basis taxpayer must include as income the proceeds from the sale of an account receivable to a collection agency. True False 5. If an account receivable written off during a prior year is subsequently collected during the current year‚ the amount collected must be included in the gross income of the current year
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Definition of Tax “Taxes are compulsory payment to government without expectation of direct return in benefit to the tax payer” According to section 2 (62) of the ITO (Income Tax Ordinance) 1984: “Tax means the income tax payable under ordinance and includes any additional tax‚ excess profit tax‚ penalty‚ interest‚ fees or other charges leviable or payable under this ordinance.” Characteristics of Tax i. Tax is a payment to the government by the people. ii. Payment of taxes is non-penal
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Case 5-1 Income Smoothing a. Firstly‚ investors tend to invest in companies with stable earnings rather than one with volatile earnings. With stable earnings‚ there will be more likely an issuance of dividends and investors could easily predict the company’s future earnings compared to one with unstable earnings. With consistent earnings generated‚ it gives investors a secured feeling that it will again generate earnings as predicted. Confidence in the growth of rate of earnings is crucial because
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National Income Determination Introduction • A key objective of Macroeconomics is to explain GDP growth and its fluctuations • Therefore‚ need to understand the forces that determine GDP (“National Income”) • John Maynard Keynes in his “General Theory of Employment‚ Interest and Money” (1936) developed a model of income determination • Known as Keynesian Theory of Income Determination • Aggregate spending / demand determines the level of aggregate output Concepts and Functions Actual
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’A Devoted Son’ Short Story Ending Rewrite After completing another long day at his office‚ Rakesh walked towards his car in the parking lot looking forward to going home even though he enjoyed his being at work as well. He slipped into the drivers seat of the car and placed his bag on the passenger side before placing the key in the ignition. Hesitating‚ he turned to his bag and rummaged inside‚ searching for a new medicine he intended to give to his father. Once his hand wrapped around the
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NCOME-TAX ACT‚ 1961* [43 OF 1961] [AS AMENDED BY FINANCE ACT‚ 2012] An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to income-tax and super-tax BE it enacted by Parliament in the Twelfth Year of the Republic of India as follows :— CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY Short title‚ extent and commencement. 11. 2(1) This Act may be called the Income-tax Act‚ 1961. (2) It extends to the whole of India. (3) Save as otherwise provided in this Act‚ it shall come into force on the 1st day of April‚ 1962. Definitions
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