Equine Veterinary Education 18(2):100-12. Saito S‚ Ugai H‚ Sawai K‚ Yamamoto Y‚ Minamihashi A‚ Kurosaka K‚ Kobayashi Y‚ Murata T‚ Obata Y‚ Yokoyama K. 2002. Isolation of embryonic stem-like cells from equine blastocysts and their differentiation in vitro. FEBS Lett 531(3):389-96. Stewart AA‚ Byron CR‚ Pondenis H‚ Stewart MC. 2007. Effect of fibroblast growth factor-2 on equine mesenchymal stem cell monolayer expansion and chondrogenesis. Am J Vet Res 68(9):941-5. Taylor SE‚ Smith RK‚ Clegg PD. 2007
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iences ife Sc L Guide Study 12 Grade © Department of Basic Education 2012 s fe Science Li e Study Guid 12 Grade © Department of Basic Education 2012 First published by the Department of Basic Education in 2012 222 Struben Street‚ Pretoria South Africa enquiries Office of the Director General Mr P.B. Soobrayan Email: njobe.p@dbe.gov.za Email: whittle.g@dbe.gov.za Tel: (012) 357 4010 Fax: (012) 323 5837 http://www.education.gov.za Call Centre: 0800202933 Copyright ©Department of Basic Education
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resort; they teach that the decision to have an abortion is a serious one and must not be taken lightly. Not all religions define a particular moment when life begins but some‚ like Buddhism‚ Sikhism and Catholicism‚ teach that life begins at fertilisation – the moment that sperm meets egg. The Roman Catholic Church says that the fertilised egg is a sacred life‚ with as many rights as a baby‚ child or adult‚ and forbids abortion. Amongst Buddhists and Sikhs there is a variety of opinions on the morality
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Summarise arguments against abortion with reference to both ethical and religious teachings. 30 marks Abortion is the deliberate ending of a life after fertilisation. For many years the morality of abortion has been disputed with many religions condemning women from having an abortion. Abortion also goes against many ethical theories‚ such as Rule utilitarianism and Bentham’s Utilitarianism. A religion that is strongly against abortion is Christianity. In Christianity it is believed that life
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primary function of gastrulation is the morphogenetic movement whereby the three layers become establishedx. It is also the first stage where cleaving‚ budding egg transforms to take some semblance of the prospective embryo. Three days after fertilisation zygote undergoes cell division which results in bulk of cells called morulax which in-turn undergoes transformation where morula interior hollows out; this structure is blastocyst in mammals. In the 2nd week‚ mesenchymal cells arrange along the
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Gametes are sex cells. Fertilisation is when half the genetic material comes from male gamete and half come from female gamete and they fuse together to form a zygote. Zygote is a fertilized egg. Embryo is a divided zygote. Binary Fission in Bacteria Bacteria are microscopic organisms made up of one cell and they do not have a nucleus but a loop of DNA. When bacteria‚ reproduce asexually the DNA loop is copied so that there is some for each new cell. The bacterial cell deivides into two by
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(Daley‚ G.Q. et al.‚ 2007). Nevertheless‚ there are different legislations in place in different countries regarding the use of human embryonic stem cells. In UK‚ embryonic stem cell research can only be carried out with authority from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority
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2 Production of Protein from Cloned Genes Now that we have covered the basic techniques involved in gene cloning and DNA analysis and examined how these techniques are used in research‚ we can move on to consider how recombinant DNA technology is being applied in biotechnology. This is not a new subject‚ although biotechnology has received far more attention during recent years than it ever has in the past. Biotechnology can be defined as the use of biological processes in industry and technology
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Stem Cell Research Stem cells have the ability to mold themselves into many different types of cells with specific attributes. Stem cells are basically cells that have not been placed into a specific categorized function. Stem cells have so far proved to provide treatment to various illnesses‚ such as cancer‚ multiple sclerosis‚ arthritis‚ Lou Gehrig’s disease‚ etc. So why is it not in blatant medical use today? Well‚ mainly because stem cells are noted as an act against God. The US government
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that a new method to conduct chemical tests called in-vitro testing‚ allows researchers to conduct tests without the need to use animals. By introducing chemicals to animal cells in a petri dish or test tube‚ researchers are able to assess the danger of chemicals‚ without risking the lives of innocent animals. Other than that‚ NEAVS (2016) argues that in-vitro testing is also more accurate than animal testing. By using human cells in in-vitro testing‚ researchers are able to more accurately identify
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