CHAPTER 7 FLEXIBLE BUDGETS‚ DIRECT-COST VARIANCES‚ AND MANAGEMENT CONTROL 7-1 Management by exception is the practice of concentrating on areas not operating as expected and giving less attention to areas operating as expected. Variance analysis helps managers identify areas not operating as expected. The larger the variance‚ the more likely an area is not operating as expected. 2. Two sources of information about budgeted amounts are (a) past amounts and (b) detailed engineering studies
Premium Cost Direct material price variance Variable cost
CITY OF NEW ORLEANS 2013 Budget Proposal October 29th‚ 2012 10/29/2012 Mayor’s Office of Communications 2013 Budget Presentation • Background • Performance Management/Review of Improvements • 2013 Budget Proposal 2 2013 Budget Proposal Funding Cuts at the State and Federal level are posing significant budgeting challenges for municipalities across the U.S. ● Nearly 48% of cities plan to reduce workforce this year ● Los Angeles predicts over 200 City jobs will be eliminated due to budgetary
Premium Proposals Years in the future 2012
are Px = $15 and Py = $5. a. Draw the budget constraint. i.e provide a carefully labeled diagram b. What is the market rate of substitution? Give an interpretation. c. Illustrate the consumer’s opportunity set in part a) above. d. Show how the consumer’s opportunity set changes if income increases by $300. e. Does the increase of income by $300 in part d) above alter the market rate of substitution between goods X and Y? Answer: a. The total budget is $300. Px and Py are used to stand for
Premium Consumer theory Budget
The sales budget is a conservative estimate on the estimated size of the sales‚ mainly used for the purchase‚ production and cash flow decisions. Clearly‚ the marketing budget should not only consider sales forecasts‚ but also to avoid excessive risk‚ general sales budget should be slightly lower than the corporate predictive value. Sales budget is usually the starting point of production and operation of comprehensive budget preparation‚ production‚ material procurement‚ inventory costs and other
Premium Marketing Budget Future
The annual budget is prepared by the Ministry of Finance and presented to Parliament for approval each year‚ except during periods of martial law‚ when the budget has been announced by the martial law administration. It is divided into a revenue budget and a development budget‚ on both the receipts and the expenditures sides. The revenue budget pays for the normal functioning of the government and is intended to be fully financed from domestically generated sources. The fiscal year (FY--see Glossary)
Premium Indirect tax Taxation Income
Efforts to Reduce the Budget Deficit ECO 203 May 6‚ 2013 Efforts to Reduce the Budget Deficit In view of these possible surprises‚ fiscal adjustment plans must thus be designed in a way that makes them sufficiently flexible to accommodate the impact of shocks‚ but also sufficiently resilient so as to preserve their medium-term fiscal consolidation objectives even when the underlying economic environment turns out differently than initially expected‚ Mauro (2011).
Premium United States public debt Federal government of the United States Deficit
Education vs. Budget Cuts When I think of education‚ I think of how great it is and how far it can take us. Education is just as important as history. You know how they say if you don’t know your history you don’t know where you come from? Well‚ same goes for education‚ if you don’t have education you can’t go very far in life. These days‚ if you don’t have a college education it’s hard to find a good paying job because just having a high school diploma or a GED isn’t enough. Austin Bureau
Premium Texas High school Education
review of the budget and vision 2020‚ explain ONE item of the budget that you think should not be included in the budget. According to the Malaysia’s 2013 budget report‚ Malaysia’s GDP is expected to increase from 4.5% to 5.5% in 2013 although current economic growth is at slower pace of 4.7% on the first quarter. Therefore‚ the government has decided to contribute RM200 rebate for those aged between 21 and 30 earning not more than RM3‚000 to buy smartphones. Under the budget of youth and sports
Premium Economic growth Economics
Factor Analysis Introduction Basic Concept of Factor Analysis Factor analysis is a statistical approach to reduce a large set of variables that are mostly correlated to each other to a small set of variables or factors. It is also used to explain the variables in the common underlying factors. (Hair et al‚ 1998) Malhotra‚ 2006 mentioned that factor analysis is also an interdependence technique that both dependent and independent variables are examined without making distinction between them
Premium Regression analysis Factor analysis
Consider the following equation: MRSXY < PX/PY where MRS = marginal rate of substitution x and y are two goods P = price < = is less than {draw:frame} The graph above shown us the indifference curve budget line diagram which explaining the equation MRSXY < P X / PY. There are two ways to measure the consumer preferences or what the consumer wants. The first one is by trying to put a ‘value’ on the satisfaction a consumer obtains from consuming a ‘unit’
Premium Supply and demand Consumer theory