INTRODUCTION WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 1. Introduction 2. Need of working capital 3. Gross working capital 4. Net working capital 5. Determinants of working capital Working capital management Working capital management is concerned with the problems arise in attempting to manage the current assets‚the current liabilities and the inter relationship that exist between them. The term current assets refers to those assets which inordinary course of business can be‚or
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Capital Rationing Capital rationing means that there is not sufficient finance (capital) available to support all the projects proposed in an organisation. In an ideal world any project which can earn a positive net present value or earn an internal rate of return greater than the cost of capital should be able to find a source of finance because there are rewards to the providers of capital. However‚ the world is not ideal and there may be restrictions on capital for any of the following reasons:
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Accounting paper Capital Budgeting‚ Budgeting and Working Capital Strategies Due: December 1‚ 2008 California International Business University‚ San Diego Accounting‚ CIBU 631 Lee White (MBA) Table of content 1 Introduction 3 2 Background and meaning 4 2.1 Budget 4 3 Capital budgeting 5 3.1 Capital budgeting techniques 7 3.1.1 Net Present Value 7 3.1.2 Payback Period 9 3.1.3 Modified Rate of Return 10 4 Budgeting Process 11 4.1 Analytical Tool
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economics‚ capital goods‚ or real capital are those already-produced durable goods that are used in production of goods or services. The capital goods are not significantly consumed‚ though they may depreciate in the production process. Capital is distinct from land in that capital must itself be produced by human labor before it can be a factors because of production. At any moment in time‚ total physical capital may be referred to as the capital stock (which is not to be confused with the capital stock
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A review of capital structure theories 1.0 Introduction One of the most contentious financial issues that have provoked intense academic research during the last decades is the theory of capital structure. Capital structure can be defined as a ’Mix of different securities issued by a firm’ (Brealey and Myers‚ 2003). Simply speaking‚ capital structure mainly contains two elements‚ debt and equity. In 1958‚ through combining tax and debt factors in a simple model to price the value of a company‚
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Heckman‚ J.J.‚ L. Lochner and C. Taber (1998)‚ “General-equilibrium treatment effects: a study of tuition policy‚” American Economic Review‚ Papers and Proceedings‚ 88‚ 381-386. [17] Jones‚ G.V. and K.-H. Storchmann (2001)‚ “Wine market prices and investment under uncertainty: an econometric model for Bordeaux crus class´s‚” Agricultural Economics‚ 26‚ 115-133. e [18] Rubin‚ D.B. (1974)‚ “Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies‚” Journal of Educational Psychology
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INTRODUCTION: ~ Capital market is the market for leading and borrowing of medium and long term funds. ~ The demand for long-term funds comes from industry‚ trade‚ agriculture and government (central and state). ~ The supply for funds comes from individual savers‚ corporate savings‚ banks‚ insurance companies‚ specialized financial institutions and government. *SIGNIFICANCE: ~ A sound and efficient capital market is extremely vital for the economic development of a nation. ~ So‚ the significance
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MATHEMATICS OF INVESTMENT Simple Interest If you borrow a car from a car rental company or if you live in someone else’s house or apartment‚ you have to pay rent. Like paying rent for the use of a car or a house‚ you also have to pay rent for the money you borrowed. This is called interest. People like Marco earn by charging interest on loans. Banks earn most of their income from the interest that people pay for the amounts they borrow. How much interest one has to pay depends on three factors:
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CAPITAL STRUCTURE: MEANING: - Capital structure of a firm is a reflection of the overall investment and financing strategy of the firm. - Capital structure can be of various kinds as described below: ▪ Horizontal capital structure: the firm has zero debt component in the structure mix. Expansion of the firm takes through equity or retained earnings only. ▪ Vertical capital structure: the base of the structure is formed by a small amount
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Capital structure describes how a corporation has organized its capital—how it obtains the financial resources with which it operates its business. Businesses adopt various capital structures to meet both internal needs for capital and external requirements for returns on shareholders investments. As shown on its balance sheet‚ a company’s capitalization is constructed from three basic blocks: Long-term debt. By standard accounting definition‚ long-term debt includes obligations that are not
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