LECTURE 7: SYNTAX. BASIC SYNTACTIC NOTIONS. 1.General characteristics of syntax. The grammatical structure of language comprises two major parts – morphology and syntax. The two areas are obviously interdependent and together they constitute the study of grammar. Morphology deals with paradigmatic and syntagmatic properties of morphological units – morphemes and words. It is concerned with the internal structure of words and their relationship to other words and word forms within the paradigm
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References …………………12 What is pragmatics ? Pragmatics is a subfield of linguistics which studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning. It encompasses speech act theory‚ conversational implicature talk in interaction and other approaches to language behavior in philosophy‚
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space. The sample consisted of 1200 warning signs collected at public places in Hong Kong. The findings suggest that warnings and prohibitions could be like a coin observed from two sides. Warning signs associated with safety are rich in use of implicature. Prohibitions associated with the prevention of behaviours that risk others’ safety are rich in legal discourse. A comparison of Chinese and English shows how the two languages express concrete and abstract spaces. The findings also suggest how
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DEVELOPMENT 3 Copyright © 2009 www.englishteaching.co.uk + www.english-teaching.co.uk WHAT DO WE MEAN BY PRAGMATICS? Pragmatics is an area of language study linked to the things people mean rather than what they actually say. Pragmatics refers to: implicature expressing meaning indirectly inference what someone thinks you are saying humour 4 politeness Copyright © 2009 www.englishteaching.co.uk + www.english-teaching.co.uk HOW CAN PRAGMATICS BE DIFFICULT? Why would these statements be difficult
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Outline and illustrate the turn-taking system as described in Conversation Analysis Introduction to Discourse Student Number: 12022165 Academic year 2012/2013 TABLE OF CONTENT 1 INTRODUCITON 2 TURN-TAKING 3 STRUCTURE OF THE TURN-TAKING SYSTEM 3.1 Techniques for selecting the next speaker 4 OPENING AND CLOSING OF THE CONVERSATION 4.1 Openings 4.1.1 Topic 4.2 Closings 5 CONCLUSION INTRODUCITON In conversation people seem to follow a certain rule of communication which
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Nineteenth-Century Women ’s Writings. Ed. Glynis Carr. Online. Internet. Posted: Fall 1999. http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/gcarr/19cUSWW/KC/RF.html Comparison Kate Chopin. EssayMania.com. Retrieved on 29 Jun‚ 2010 from Teresa Gibert‚ « “The Role of Implicatures in Kate Chopin’s Louisiana Short Stories” »‚ Journal of the Short Story in English‚ 40 | spring 2003‚ [Online]‚ Online since 29 juillet 2008. URL: http://jsse.revues.org/index291.html. Connection on 30 June 2010.
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Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents the reviewed literature and studies that are related to the present study. Related Literature Task-Based Language Teaching In learning the second language‚ it is important that one could use it daily in one’s communicative activities‚ otherwise it will atrophy. Nowadays‚ one of the latest trends in second language teaching and learning is Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT). Nunan (2004) defined task as a piece
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Translation Studies in the New Millennium: Volume 5 (2007) Semiotics and the Translation of News Headlines: Making an Image of the Other Khalid Al-Shehari Sana’a University‚ YEMEN kshehari@yahoo.com ABSTRACT This paper aims to explore how certain ideologies can be signaled through the translation of news headlines. The main objective is to investigate the strategies used by an international Arab news producer (aljazeera.net) to translate into English news stories published
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language. Poor pragmatic competence will cause pragmatic failure. After Thomas‚ other scholars also made research into pragmatic failure. Some principles and theories they have formed‚ such as speech act theory‚ the theory of conversational implicature‚ relevance theory‚ the politeness principle‚ the cooperative principle etc‚ which provided a basis for our study on the pragmatic failure. Generally speaking‚ According to British linguist Thomas’s opinion‚ English pragmatic failure can be divided
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An alphabet of conversational features Conversations exhibit a very wide range of styles‚ nuances and linguistic strategies. If you approach analysis with a checklist of ’main features’‚ you need to be careful to identify which ones are most appropriate to the conversation you are investigating. It is an interesting linguistic fact that alphabetical ordering confers neither more nor less importance on each item. Remember that it is the concept behind the terminology that matters. If‚ for
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