A graded potential in physiology‚ is described as local changes in membrane potential that occur in varying grades or degrees of magnitude or strength. When compared to graded potential‚ an action potential is described as brief‚ rapid‚ large (100mV) changes in membrane potential during which the potential actually reverses so that the inside of the excitable cell transiently becomes more positive than the outside. As with a graded potential‚ an action potential involves only a small portion of
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1. A 1.4M Hz carrier is modulated by a music signal that has a frequency components from 20 Hz to 10k Hz. Determine the range of frequencies generated for the upper and lower sidebands. Solution: Upper Side Band = 1‚ 400‚ 000 Hz + 20 Hz = 1‚400‚ 020 Hz Up to = 1‚ 400‚ 000 Hz + 10‚ 000 Hz = 1‚ 410‚ 000 Hz Lower Side Band = 1‚ 400‚ 000 Hz – 10‚ 000 Hz = 1‚ 390‚ 000 Hz Up to = 1‚ 400‚ 000 Hz – 20 Hz = 1‚ 399‚ 980 Hz 2. Determine
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Simple Stimulus Learning In the following analysis of various forms of simple stimulus learning‚ the concept of habituation‚ including many examples will be studied and explained. Three factors that affect perceptual learning will be analyzed. Those factors include presenting contrasting stimuli‚ transfer from easy to difficult stimuli‚ and attention and feedback. The following effects of stimulus exposure will be examined: Preference for familiar stimuli‚ priming facilitation‚ and potentiated
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difference between learning styles and learning modalities.[1] Learning styles: what do we know?[2] What are learning styles?[3] Learning styles are simply the way a child learns best.[4] Learning styles theory says that there are different learning modalities and that individuals have a preferred modality.[5] A consequence of this theory is that effective teaching should present a variety of teaching methods which cover all three learning modalities so that different students have equal opportunities
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Olfaction A. 1. Olfactory epithelium Specialized cells lining the olfactory recess 2. Olfactory bulbs (#1) Axons of olfactory neurons project through the cribriform plate (#1) to these structures Where the olfactory nerves synapse with mitral & tufted cells 3. Olfactory vesicles bulbous enlargements of the dendrites of olfactory neurons 4. Olfactory hairs Have chemoreceptors (#5) that bind to odorants‚ resulting in action potential production 5. Basal cells olfactory neurons lost from
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Fear Induced Emotion on Motivation University of Texas at Arlington Anxiety is a psychological‚ physiological‚ and behavior state in humans and animals by a threat to well-being or survival‚ either potential or actual. Each of us has felt afraid‚ and we can all recognize fear in many animal species. The function state of fear is defined in terms of being caused by a particular pattern of adaptive behavior to avoid or cope with that threat. We have all been in a situation where we are in fear
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The Fiscal Stimulus‚ Flawed but Valuable But I’m also an empirical economist who’s spent a career trying to estimate the effects of monetary and fiscal policy. So let me put on my empiricist’s hat and evaluate what we know about the legislation’s effects. After listening to Representative Paul Ryan in the vice-presidential debate‚ you might think that careful evaluation isn’t needed. In his view‚ we spent $800 billion on the stimulus‚ yet unemployment still rose to 10 percent — so obviously it
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Amplitude modulation or AM as it is often called‚ is a form of modulation used for radio transmissions for broadcasting and two way radio communication applications. Although one of the earliest used forms of modulation it is still in widespread use today. The first amplitude modulated signal was transmitted in 1901 by a Canadian engineer named Reginald Fessenden. He took a continuous spark transmission and placed a carbon microphone in the antenna lead. The sound waves impacting on the microphone
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spread about you‚ and does affect your well-being. I will also address the situation of how well-being changes after you have died. Imagine that after you die‚ people spread malicious rumors about you so that everyone comes to believe that you were a terrible person. Does this affect your well-being? If it does‚ how do you explain how your well-being can change after you have died? Now first of all‚ let me address the situation of being dead and still having well-being. For the sake of this argument
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channels than cell B‚ which cell has the larger resting membrane potential? Explain. If the permeability to K is higher in A than in B‚ then the resting membrane potential (rmp) will be closer to the equilibrium potential in cell A‚ which means the rmp will be more negative in cell A than in cell B; or in other words‚ the potential difference will be LARGER in cell A. 2. Predict the effect of a reduced extracellular concentration of Na+ on the magnitude of the action potential in an electrically
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