Title of Lab: Preparation and Assay of Phenolase and Peroxidase from Sweet and Irish Potato Hypothesis: Polyphenol Oxidase enzyme activity can be detected by change in colour of solution‚ Inhibitors prevent the reaction of the enzymes with substrates‚ the enzyme is relatively specific. Aim: To design and conduct an experiment to demonstrate enzyme activity of Polyphenol Oxidase and Peroxidase when mixed with catechol‚ caffeic acid‚ pyrogallad‚ tyrosine‚ guacol‚ and water‚ to test the effect of
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Ligation is the process of joining two DNA fragments or other molecules by a phosphate ester linkage with the action of enzyme. Ligation of DNA is process that involve the DNA of interest is inserted into the plasmid. This 3’-hydroxyl of DNA terminus are joined together with 5’-phosphoryl of another by phosphodiester bond. The ligation of DNA fragments usually performed by using T4 DNA ligase. All the reaction components such as ligation buffer‚ DNA insert‚ pGEM®-T‚ and T4 DNA ligase is mixed by
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bus 9.2 – Production of Materials: Δ. Construct word and balanced formulae equations of all chemical reactions as they are encountered in this module: • Basic reactions to remember: – Acid reactions: ▪ acid + base [pic] salt + water HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) [pic]NaCl(s) + H2O(l) ▪ acid + metal [pic] salt + hydrogen gas HCl(aq) + Mg(s)[pic]MgCl2(s) + H2 (g) ▪ acid + carbonate [pic] salt + carbon dioxide gas + water HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s)[pic] CaCl(s) + CO2(g) + H2O
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UNIVERSITY OF THE GAMBIA LECTURE NOTES COURSE: PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY II (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) CODE: CHM 161 2ND SEMESTER SESSION: 2012/2013 LECTURER: ANTHONY F. ADJIVON UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION Organic chemistry started as the chemistry of life‚ when that was thought to be different from the chemistry in the laboratory. Then it became the chemistry of carbon compounds‚ especially those found in coal. Now it is both. It is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon along with other elements
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for this specific reaction was as follows: First the protonation of a carbonyl oxygen activates the carboxylic acid towards nucleophillic attack by the alcohol yielding a tetrahedral intermediate‚ in which there are two equivalent hydroxyl groups. One of these hydroxyl groups is eliminated after a proton shift (tautomerism) to give water and the ester. The reaction is a nucleophillic acylsubstitution carried out under acidic conditions of acetic acid and Dowex was also used for supplying protons
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Group 5 Experiment No. 5 Classifications of Alcohols: Lucas Test Q1. REACTION OF PRIMARY‚ SECONDARY AND TERTIARY ALCOHOLS WITH LUCAS REAGENT ALCOHOL IMMEDITE REACTION WITH LUCAS’ REAGENT OBSERVATIONS AFTER 5 MINUTES AT 27 °C TO 28 °C n-butyl alcohol No reaction occurred Secondary butyl alcohol cloudy Tertiary butyl alcohol Cloudy appears Q2. REACTION OF SECONDARY AND TERTIARY ALCOHOLS WITH CONCENTRATED HYDROCHLORIC ACID ALCOHOL OBSERVATIONS Secondary butyl alcohol
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Shrinkage is the contraction in the dimension of the fabric due to usage. These are the reasons for shrinkage: • In case of a fabric‚ the warp yarns are under much strain due to interlacement than the weft yarns. Hence when a fabric is allowed to shrink‚ the warp yarn shrinkage will be more than weft yarns. • To overcome this fabric is extended in widthwise to some extent in the stenter machine during the finishing process. Then it is subjected to the preshrink process. Various mechanical
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This is available over the counter and normally comes in a type of cream and it has a lower level of AHA concentration. The alpha hydroxyl acid can be applied at least twice a day until the bumps on head peel off. To prevent infection‚ avoid handpicking and allow the bumps to fall down by it-self. Alpha Hydroxy acid is known as one reliable natural remedy for pearly penis papules because
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is removed for each monomer added (one monomer loses a hydroxyl group and the other loses a hydrogen so that they are then able to bond covalently to each other) 2. Enzymes are needed 3. Energy is expended by both monomers 4. Anabolic – building blocks 5. Also known as a dehydration reaction b. Hydrolysis – process which separates polymers into monomers 1. 1 water molecule is added (hydrogen attaches to one monomer and the hydroxyl group attaches to the other monomer) 2. Digestion is
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However‚ due to the knowledge we have of the compound on the plate we can determine which compounds are which. The two compounds you used are very similar in structure with one very important difference of the hydroxyl group on 4-phenylphenol that isn’t present in biphenyl. This hydroxyl group makes 4-phenylphenol more polar because of the possibility of hydrogen bonds between the compound and the silica on the
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