species to species. The tests performed include: the Fermentation of Sugars Test (sucrose‚ glucose‚ and lactose)‚ the Urease Test‚ the Fermentation of Lactose Test‚ the Sulfide Indole Mobility (SIM) Test‚ the Nitrate Reduction Test‚ the Protein Hydrolysis Test‚ the Catalase Test‚ and the Cytochrome Oxidase Test. The microbes that were tested during this lab were: Escherichia coli‚ Bacillus cereus‚ the unknown‚ Proteus vulgaris‚ Staphylococcus epidermis‚ Enterobacter aerogenes‚ the control‚ and
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Guide Questions Experiment 1 Calibration of the calorimeter: 1. Give the net ionic thermochemical equation of the reaction used to calibrate the calorimeter. a. Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? b. Which is the limiting reactant? c. How much (in moles) limiting reactant was used? d. How much heat was generated (or absorbed) by the reaction? 2. Relate the sign of the ΔT to the ΔH of the reaction used for calibration. 3. What is the heat capacity of the calorimeter? Relate
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handle. Calcium hypochlorite reacts with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate and release dichlorine monoxide: ~\mathrm{Ca(ClO)_2 + CO_2\longrightarrow \ CaCO_3 + Cl_2O \uparrow}. A calcium hypochlorite solution is basic. This is due to the hydrolysis performed by the hypochlorite ion‚ as hypochlorous acid is weak‚ but calcium hydroxide is a strong base. As a result‚ the hypochlorite ion is a strong conjugate base‚ and the calcium ion is a weak conjugate acid: ClO− + H2O → HClO + OH− Similarly
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Sean Byrne Teacher Biology Honors 13 August 2014 Unit 1 Chapter 3 1) a. Monomers are small‚ simple molecules that when put together create carbon compounds‚ and polymers are molecules that consist of repeated units. b. Functional groups are made of clusters of atoms‚ while macromolecules are large polymers. c. A monosaccharide is a simple sugar‚ but a disaccharide is known as a double sugar‚ or two monosaccharaides. d. Long chains of amino acids are called polypeptides‚ and proteins are composed
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myosin and actin in skeletal muscle sarcomeres‚ explain why active force varies with changes in the muscle’s resting length. Active force is generated from myosin thick filaments bind to thin actin filaments‚ engaging the cross bridge cycle and ATP hydrolysis. Active force data changes as the resting length of the muscle changes. When the resting length of the muscle is shortened‚ the active force amount increases. When the resting length of the muscle is lengthened‚ the active force amount decreases
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Aldehydes‚ Ketones and Saccharides Aldehydes – contains a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain. – RCOH Ketones – contains a carbonyl group in the middle of the carbon chain. – RCOR * 2‚4-dinitrophenylhydrazine Test - Test for Carbonyl group * Sodium Bisulfate Test- Test for Aldehydes and Methy Ketones * White precipitate * Ketones with more than 2 carbon – non-reactive * Ketones with 2 carbons – slightly reactive * Schiff’s
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chemically bonded together. How are polymers formed? Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation): two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are removed from the monomers to form water‚ and the two monomers are joined together. How are polymers broken down? Hydrolysis—the reverse of dehydration synthesis (condensation) the reverse of dehydration synthesis. Water added to the polymer‚ unlinking the chain and breaking it back down to its original monomer units. Carbohydrates Group of organic molecules that
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The fungal plasma membrane proton-ATPase is a membrane protein that belongs to primary ATPase-transporters class. ATPases in this class are characterized by their ability to convert the chemical energy generated by ATP hydrolysis to kinetic energy required for the transport of ions through the membrane. ATPase transporters are classified to P-‚F-‚V-ATPases and ABC transporters. Fungal plasma membrane proton-ATPase belongs to class P-type ATPases . Other members of the P-type ATPase class include
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Phenol‚ also known as carbolic acid‚ is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (-C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). It is mildly acidic‚ but requires careful handling due to its propensity to cause chemical burns. Phenol was first extracted from coal tar‚ but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum. It is an important industrial commodity as a
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Biomolecule BCH 3101 Thermodynamics of Biological Systems • Movement‚ growth‚ synthesis of biomolecules‚ and the transport of ions and molecules across membranes all requires energy. • All organisms acquire energy from their surroundings and utilize that energy efficiently to carry out life processes. • In order to study these bio-energetic phenomena we will require knowledge of thermodynamics. BCH3101 1 • Thermodynamics: defined as a collection of laws and principles describing the flows and
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