The history of international relations is often traced back to the Peace of Westphalia of 1648‚ where the modern state system was developed. Prior to this‚ the European medieval organization of political authority was based on a vaguely hierarchical religious order. Westphalia instituted the legal concept of sovereignty‚ which essentially meant that rulers‚ or the legitimate sovereigns‚ would recognize no internal equals within a defined territory and no external superiors as the ultimate authority
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International Relations State-centric: It is the study of the relations of states‚ understood in diplomatic‚ military and strategic terms. The relevant unit is the state‚ not the nation. Sovereignty is the key feature. Due to international developments‚ we may weaken the assumption that external policy of the state is based on security. But states remain dominant in IR. Globalization theorists focus on it rather than the states. We live in a ‘borderless world’ (Ohmae 1990). Development of IR Theory in the
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Object Relations Case Study of Kelly Conceptualization and Treatment Plan 1 Kathy L. Moore Indiana-Wesleyan University Abstract The object relations approach in counseling deals with the client‚ in this case Kelly‚ and how he seeks objects; other people‚ not as a means to satisfying instinctual drives by classic psychoanalytical beliefs‚ but because the object-seeking process begins very early in life in the early developmental stages‚ and the mother-child relationship ( Murdock
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Provide a brief description of the individual. Ellen Foster is a ten-year-old‚ Caucasian‚ female who experiences a series of traumatic events during her childhood. These traumatic events include her witnessing domestic violence in the home‚ her mother’s suicide and subsequent physical‚ sexual and psychological abuse by her alcoholic father‚ her maternal grandmother and other relatives (aunts and cousins on the mother’s side). Ellen shuttled from home to home‚ staying for a short time at the home
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its relevance with history‚ to organize in a logical way what is known and theorized about IR. This paper creates a general understanding of what history is‚ what is international relations‚ the importance of philosophers‚ different philosophical theories and the understanding of the subject of International Relations according to the philosophers. Significance of History History is a journey through time‚ full of happenings at every step and every turn that we take while revisiting the past
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The realist approach to international relations has its roots in the state ’s pursuit of power and the outright importance of the state above all else. Realism states that international relations should not be studied as how things should be but as how they are. We can distinguish between the ’economic person ’‚ the ’religious person ’‚ the ’moral person ’‚ the ’political person ’ etc. In order to understand politics‚ we must study only the ’political person ’ for example we should study the
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Contending Perspectives of International Relations Theory – a set of propositions and concepts that seeks to explain phenomena by specifying the relationships among the concepts; to predict phenomena. The purpose of theory is that it helps guide us toward and understand of which various explanations are necessary and sufficient explanations for events. Hypotheses –statements positing a particular relationship among two or more variables. Levels of Analysis‚ first used by Waltz and later expanded
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International Relations : Important Theories a) Realism/ Realist b) Liberalism/ Liberals c) Marxism Realism makes four basic assumptions about international relations: * The state is the most important actor in international relations. This means that national governments are the most important player in the game of international politics--interest groups like Amnesty International or individual figures like the pope have no effect on how nations relate to one another. * The
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Hamilton Acorn presentation on Systems Theory and Human Relations Systems theory within organisations states that businesses retrieve inputs from the external environment‚ transform these inputs from processes and procedures and then out put them back into the environment. Below is a diagram to illustrate this with examples of each. The inputs generally come from other organistaions outputs‚ and the outputs of organisations tend to become inputs for other organisations. Within the
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The question of whether the discipline of International Relations (IR) was in the past‚ and is still now‚ a predominantly American social science‚ is one that has taken up a great deal of discourse in the field of IR. Indeed this question has been the driving force for the IR theory course for which this paper was written; as evidenced by the title and content of the course textbook at the very least (International Relations -- Still an American Social Science?‚ Crawford‚ 2001). But how appropriate
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