Operant Conditioning Vanessa Mejias November 28‚ 2011 Ross Seligman PSY/390 Operant Conditioning In a world that was ruled by psychoanalytic studies‚ and Thorndike’s puzzle box to explain behaviorism‚ B.F. Skinner was a revolutionary in the world of psychology. His studies and reports on operant conditioning has not only survived ridicule and skepticism in his time but has also survived the passage of time and social evolution to incorporate his theories several decades later. By learning
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because it helps organisms prepare for good or bad events. Higher order conditioning occurs when the conditioned stimulus from one conditioning procedure is paired with a new neutral stimulus‚ creating a second‚ often weaker‚ conditioned stimulus. Extinction refers to the diminishing of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus occurs repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus. Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance‚ after a pause‚ of an extinguished
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opened in 1964 orca whales were not popular; they were even hated and also hunted. Half a centaury later people came to SeaWorld and learned about these animals and started to like orca whales‚ which led to‚ that visitors don’t think orcas belong in human care. The California Coastal Commission‚ which is a state agency‚ wants to ban breeding orcas in SeaWorld. SeaWorld declared they are ending the breeding program with orcas and the theatrical shows
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Bees contribute economically because the crops and plants we have are only here because of the pollination of the bees. Bees pollinate about 90 crops and a third of our food supply. Bees are central to the systems that support food production for human beings. An international study of 115 food crops grown in over 200 countries showed that 75% of the crops were pollinated by animals‚ especially by bees. Farmers are now focusing on using domestic bees to pollinate their crops since they can’t depend
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unsustainable practices by humans. Many elephants are illegally killed for their ivory tusks. Because these tusks are sold for a great fortune‚ the killing of African elephants have become tantalizing and tempting. Once they’re killed and their tusks have been detached‚ their bodies are left there without a purpose to slowly decay. Unfortunately‚ you can imagine how upsetting such a sight could be to those who are working to prevent such happenings from occurring to cease the extinction of this species. Another
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Human Variation There are many different types of human variation that are influenced by a population’s geographic location‚ including skin color‚ height‚ and body proportions. Many geographic areas are associated with certain physical characteristics that cause them to be commonly classified as different races‚ which also include hair color‚ eye color‚ and cranial shape. These characteristics are in addition to the physical characteristics listed above that are
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The twentieth century was a turning point in the way we view behavior. Sigmund Freud shook the medical world when he claimed that unconscious forces dictate our behavior and childhood experiences play a large role in personality formation. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory placed the subject of behavior into the forefront of medical study. Freud’s theory brought much criticism and controversy but most importantly; it brought interest to the subject of behavior and personality. This newfound interest
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severe trauma” ("addiciton‚" n.d). So can a phobia be classical condition or an addiction be operant conditioned into existence? Some scientists believe that it can‚ but then the question is what is operant and classical conditioning? Also what is extinction mean and how is it achieved in both conditions? These are the topics I will be answer and I will also be giving examples to each phobia and addiction that can happen through classical and operant conditioning. Classical Conditioning “Classical
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cow are some of the more well known examples; with the bald eagle‚ grizzly bear‚ American bison‚ timber wolf[disambiguation needed] and sea turtle having been hunted to near-extinction. Many began as food sources seen as necessary for survival but became the target of sport. However‚ due to major efforts to prevent extinction‚ the bald eagle‚ or Haliaeetus leucocephalus is now under the category of Least Concern on the red list.[17] A present-day example of the over-hunting of a species can be seen
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more than 70‚000 wildlife species. Among the rest‚ 488 species are categorized by COSEWIC (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada) as extinct‚ extirpated‚ endangered‚ threatened‚ or of special concern. It is important to prevent extinctions and facilitate recovery of species at risk. This paper will identify the current conditions of endangered species‚ analyze the major causes of species endangerment‚ and introduce the protection policies established by Canadian government. Current
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