This as skinner called positive reinforcement‚ however there was negative reinforcement as well‚ punishment (such as electrical shock). Skinners work of operant conditioning however was found from Edward Thorndike (1905)‚ Thorndike studied learning in animals using a puzzle box to propose the theory known as “law of effect”‚ “One effect of successful behaviour is to increase the probability of that behaviour being repeated in similar circumstances”. Skinner later on
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Environmental versus Epigenetic Theories: When referring to epigenetic theory‚ it is a relatively new theory that focuses on the genetic origins and how they are affected by the interactions with the environment. Proponents of this theory believe that over time environmental forces will impact the expression of certain genes. On the other hand‚ the environmental theory removes the genetic factor. This theory believes that a child is a product of direct interaction with their environment. Proponents
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that evoke involuntary or automatic responses. Edward L. Thorndike (1874-1949) -Not concerned with reflex responses like Pavlov. -Focused on the learning of new behavior. -Well known for his research involving cats and a puzzle- box. -Placed hungry cats in a maze and timed how long it took for them to reach the food at the end of the puzzle. He found that the cats got faster and faster. (learned behavior) -From this research Thorndike formed laws of behavior‚ one of the most famous being the
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Another name for operant conditioning is instrumental learning‚ introduced by Edward L. Thorndike 1913. Thorndike began studying “animal thinking”. Cat experiment: cat would perform a specific response‚ such as pulling a wire or a lever and was rewarded food after each escape. “law of effect” behavior is influenced by its consequences First book published‚ the behaviour of organisms 1938. Skinner demonstrated that organisms tend to repeat those responses that are followed by favourable consequences
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Alfred Binet * Simon-Binet Intelligence Scale * Stanford-Binet IQ Test Birth: Alfred Binet was born July 8‚ 1857 in Nice. Death: Alfred Binet died on October 18‚ 1911. Alfred Binet’s Early Life: Alfred Binet was born Alfredo Binetti. His father‚ a physician‚ and his mother‚ an artist‚ divorced when he was young and Binet then moved to Paris with his mother. After graduating from law school in 1878‚ Binet initially planned to follow in his father’s footsteps and enroll in medical school
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generally spans the total breadth of the ship.[1] | | Hull designs A major component of tanker architecture is the design of the hull or outer structure. A tanker with a single outer shell between the product and the ocean is said to be single-hulled.[3] Most newer tankers are double-hulled‚ with an extra space between the hull and the storage tanks.[3] Hybrid designs such as double-bottom and double-sided combine aspects of single and double-hull designs.[3] All single-hulled tankers around the world
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Open for approximately 120 years‚ the Hull House in Chicago aided countless‚ different people. Some of those residents eventually rose to prominence and impacted even more people on local‚ state‚ and national levels. This beacon of reform served its purpose for many years and the residents helped make life as we know it today. However‚ this reform would never have been possible if Jane Addams had not been around. As an activist‚ reformer‚ sociologist‚ president and founder of several organizations
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John Hull‚ Zoltan Torey‚ and Lusseyran to show that the mind and brain both run each other even without the ability of vision by learning to compensate and adapt after neurological disorders took their ability to see away from them. In the case study of John Hull‚ Sacks talks about how this author goes completely blind by age forty eight yet is still able to train his mind and brain to both run each other even without their vision by learning to compensate. Sacks believes that Hull is a
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Kingston upon Hull has been much maligned in the popular media as a city with the highest obesity and teenage pregnancy rates. The city also has been near the bottom for GCSE results for many years. I think it is safe say that Hull is a long way from being nominated for the city of culture award. It is therefore remarkable that located behind a run down‚ unstable and dirty bus terminal lays a tiny theatre known all over the theatrical world. The theatre is the home of Hull Truck and the playwright
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: Lecture 2: Behavioral & Social Cognitive Views of Learning Lecture Highlights: Definitions of Behavioral Learning Theory Classical Conditioning – Pavlov Operant Conditioning - Skinner Trial-and-error Learning / The Law of Effect - Thorndike Social Learning Theory - Bandura I. Behavioral Learning Theories: Explanations of learning that focus on external events as the cause of changes in observable behaviors… the behavioral view generally assumes that the outcome of learning
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