ECONM2035: Asset Pricing Evarist Stoja (2B7‚ x10603) e.stoja@bristol.ac.uk Outline: This course runs over the autumn term and aims to provide a thorough grounding in the pricing of financial securities. The lectures start with some quantitative review material before moving on to bond pricing. Equity markets and determination of equity prices are treated next before students are introduced to the theory behind and testing procedures for informational efficiency in financial markets. Finally
Premium
7 Transfer Pricing LEARNING OBJECTIVES : After studying this chapter students will understand. * Purpose of transfer pricing * Responsibility of a division as responsibility centre * Conflicts between the divisions * Setting of transfer price where the profit of the organisation can be higher. 7.1 Introduction The whole organisation can be divided into a number of divisions‚ the performance of each division can be measured in terms of both the income earned and the
Premium Variable cost Costs
Transfer Pricing in Developing Countries An Introduction Topics 1. Abstract 2. International tax law & its sources 3. Brief history of International Tax Law 4. Who gets the pie? 5. Arm ’s length principle : Cornerstone of International Tax Law 6. Transfer pricing methods 7. Problems with of source taxation of MNE ’s 8. Internet & e-commerce : Achilles heel of current International taxation regime? 9. Formulary Apportionment (FA) 10. Existing uses of Formulary Apportionment systems in the world
Premium Tax Transfer pricing Tax haven
Pricing Strategy To set a pricing strategy‚ there are number of steps taken into consideration as follows: Step 1: Our pricing objectives are to maximize market share and increase sales volume. This strategy will be used when TrackR is being launched into the market. We charge a reasonable price in order for TrackR to be accessible in the market as quickly as possible and also to encourage the interest and excitement of a product. Because of the low price‚ we are able to raise the sales volume easily
Premium Marketing Pricing
Chapter 11 Pricing Strategy Multiple Choice Questions 1. _____ on pricing decisions concern primarily the nature of the target market and expected reactions of consumers to a given price or change in price. a. Government influences b. Environmental influences c. Supply influences d. Demand influences Answer: d Learning Objective: 11-1 Level of Difficulty: Easy Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Analytic Topic: Demand Influences On Pricing Decisions Page: 163 Explanation: Demand
Premium Pricing
Pricing strategies An enterprise should have a good pricing strategy which is suitable to the company’s current situation or condition in order to earn more profits. By adopting a good pricing strategy‚ company has a key option to stay viable. If a company wants to earn more profit‚ merely raising the price of a product is not a good option particularly in economy recession. It can lead a company to downfall as the company’s product lost out in the marketplace because of the price factor. Product
Premium Pricing Marketing
Pricing productsIntroduction Products and services have a price just as they have a value. Many non-profit and all profit-making organizations must also set prices. Pricing is controversial and goes by many names: Price is all around us. You pay rent for your apartment‚ tuition for your education. The airline‚ railway‚ taxi and bus companies charge you a/are; the local utilities call their price a rate; and the local bank charges you interest for the money you borrow ; the guest lecturer charges
Premium Pricing Marketing
environment. This is indeed the case with its implementation of its pricing strategy‚ which is one of localisation rather than globalisation. Table II illustrates the comparative Big Mac prices (flagship brand of McDonald’s) from around the world. It succeeds in highlighting the point that McDonald’s has had to come up with different pricing strategies for different countries. More importantly‚ rather than just having a different pricing policy for the Big Mac in these listed countries‚ McDonald’s has
Premium Pricing
Pricing Strategies Competition based pricing Setting the price based upon prices of the similar competitor products. Competitive pricing is based on three types of competitive products: * Products having lasting distinctiveness from competitor’s product. Here we can assume * The product has low price elasticity. * The product has low cross elasticity. * The demand for the product will rise. * Products have perishable distinctiveness from competitor’s product‚ assuming the product
Premium Pricing Marketing
MANAGING TRANSFER PRICING Sarbanes-Oxley requires a company to establish that it has internal controls to ensure accurate financial reporting and that the auditor attest to the assessment of those controls. An obvious concern for all multinationals after SOX is whether there are effective controls in place to deal with transfer pricing exposure. An increasingly important element of transfer pricing documentation relates to the influence of legislation‚ ethical standards‚ and associated matters
Premium Transfer pricing Tax haven Internal Revenue Service