Cost Classifications and Estimation 2.0 Introduction Cost classification may be defined as ‘the arrangement of cost items in a logical sequence having regard to their nature and purpose to be fulfilled’. The term cost must be qualified when in use in order that its precise meaning is established in a particular situation; however‚ cost refers to the amount of resources that have been diverted from other uses or sacrificed so as to achieve the desired objective. But the term is used to refer to
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retail outlets. Trucks are used to transport the goods from two plants to the warehouses‚ and then from the warehouses to the three retail outlets. Using the units of full truckloads‚ the following table shows each plant’s monthly output‚ its shipping cost per truckload sent to each warehouses‚ and the
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Costs of Production July 2011 Topics to be Discussed Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? How do Cost Curves Behave? – Cost in the Short Run – Cost in the Long Run How to Minimize Cost? How to draw Implications for Business Strategy? Topics to be Discussed Production with Two Outputs: Economies of Scope Dynamic Changes in Costs: The Learning Curve Estimating and Predicting Cost Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? Accountants tend to take a retrospective view of firms’ costs‚ whereas
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Costs and Revenues What is cost? If you go to a store and like an item and you want to buy it‚ which of the following questions would you ask: What’s the price of …..? 0R How much does …. cost? Examples of costs – set-up Examples of costs - running Fixed Costs 5000 What happened to the fixed costs if for some reason the company had technical problems and was unable to produce for 2 weeks? What happens if the landlord decided to raise the rent due to high property prices
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Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis‚ EXHIBIT 11-1 Accounting Information and the Decision Process FIVE-STEP SEQUENCE Step 1: Gathering Information AN ILLUSTRATION The current manufacturing line uses 20 employees‚ 15 operating machines‚ and 5 handling materials‚ for a total cost of $640‚000. The rearrangement of the manufacturing assembly line is expected to eliminate materials-handling costs‚ equivalent to $160‚000. The cost of the rearrangement will be $90‚000. Historical
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THE COST AND SALES CONCEPT Cost is defined as a reduction in the value of an asset for the purpose of securing benefit or gain. Cost is defined in a hotel and restaurant as the expense to a hotel or restaurant for goods or services when the goods are consumed or the services are rendered. KINDS OF COSTS 1. Fixed costs – are those that are normally unaffected by changes in sales volume. They are said to have little direct relationship to the business volume because they do not change
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1) Cost-volume-profit analysis is used primarily by management: A) as a planning tool B) for control purposes C) to prepare external financial statements D) to attain accurate financial results Answer: A Diff: 1 Terms: cost-volume-profit (CVP) Objective: 1 AACSB: Communication 2) One of the first steps to take when using CVP analysis to help make decisions is: A) finding out where the total costs line intersects with the total revenues line on a graph. B) identifying which costs are variable and
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COST OF PRODUCTION CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Types of costs 3.1 Opportunity‚ implicit and explicit costs 3.2 Fixed and variable costs 3.3 Average costs 3. Types of cost curves 4.4 Marginal cost curve 4.5 Average cost curves 4. Costs in Short run and in the Long run 5.6 Short run 5.7 Long run 5.8 Economies of scale 5. Cost analysis in the real world 6.9 Economies of scope 6.10 Experiential
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COST CLASSIFICATION CONCEPT OF COST: DEFINITION: A SACRIFICE OR GIVING UP OF RESOURCES FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE FREQUENTLY MEASURED BY THE MONETARY UNITS (RUPEES‚ DOLLARS) THAT MUST BE PAID FOR GOODS AND SERVICES . ➢ EMPHASIS ON COST INFORMATION: MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANTS PAY A LOT OF ATTENTION TO COSTS BECAUSE COST HAVE A VITAL ROLE TO PLAY IN PLANNING ‚ EVALUATING AND DECISION MAKING. FOR EXAMPLE IN PLANNING THE ROUTE AND FLIGHT SCHEDULES THE MANAGER OF AN AIR LINE MUST CONSIDER
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difference between cost accounting and a cost accounting system. Explain the difference to Joe. (b) What is an important feature of a cost accounting system? 2. (a) Distinguish between the two types of cost accounting systems. (b) May a company use both types of cost accounting systems? 3. What type of industry is likely to use a job order cost system? Give some examples. 4. What type of industry is likely to use a process cost system? Give some examples. 5. Your roommate asks your help in
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