Objectives: 1. Theories of international trade and investment 2. why do nations trade? 3. How can nations enhance competitive advantage? 4. Why and how do firms internationalize? 5. How can internationalizing firms gain and sustain competitive advantage? Theories of International Trade and Investment: Mercantillism: belief popular in 16th century - National prosperity results from maximizing exports and minimizing imports Nonmercantillism: today some argue - nation should run a trade surplus labot
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International Trade International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries. (“Trade Foreign Policy‚ Diplomacy and Health‚” n.d). The exact origin of international trade is hard to pinpoint but exchange of goods between nations have been conducted for thousands of years. Trade by individuals was necessitated out of the absence of self-sufficiency in human beings. In the same way‚ international trade was born out of the fact that no nation is super-abundant in every
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International Trade Theory 2nd STAGE/ 2nd THEORY Absolute Advantage Smith attacked mercantilist assumption that trade is a zero-sum game by argued that countries differ in their ability to produce goods efficiently. Thus‚ a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing it. Therefore‚ countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage & then trade these for
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Case Discussion – Chapter 5 Trade in Information Technology and U.S. Economic Growth 1. During the 1990s and 2000s computer hardware companies in certain develop nations progressively moved the production of hardware components offshore‚ often outsourcing them to producers in developing nations. What does international trade theory suggest about the implications of this trend for economic growth in those developed nations? Answer When production of commodity-like components
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The modern theory of international trade Figure 1.1 DEMAND REVERSAL Country A produces at point A‚ specializing in the production of steel‚ it consumes at point D‚ given the utility pattern represented by the indifference curve (IC a). This means that country A exports EA amount and import ED amount of steel. Therefore country A which is a capital surplus country is exporting labour intensive goods (cloth) and importing capital intensive goods (steel). This is in direct conflict with the HECKSCHER
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The relationship between openness to international trade and development Introduction: Openness to international trade is the popular choice among different countries for their own development‚ especially after the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995‚ globalisation is a trend for different districts‚ and a country is difficult to develop its economy in a closed circumstance. According to Razmi and Refaei (2013‚ p377)‚ International trades will benefit the people and institutions
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Product life-cycle theory From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia This article is an orphan‚ as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; suggestions may be available. (February 2009) The product life-cycle theory is an economic theory that was developed by Raymond Vernon in response to the failure of theHeckscher-Ohlin model to explain the observed pattern of international trade. The theory suggests that early in a product’s life-cycle all the
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This quote by the renowned American economist Paul A. Samuelson positions Bertil Ohlin as one of the most influential economists of the twentieth century. Ohlin made several relevant contributions to economics‚ each of which laid the foundations for further research. He took part in the development of monetary theory‚ by arguing that even in the situation of a large international monetary transfer‚ a country can maintain its macroeconomic equilibrium. This thesis was debated with J.M. Keynes in
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traditional international trade theories that would support the concept of globalization. The first theory is free trade that refers to a situation in which a government does not attempt to influence through quotas or duties what its citizens can buy from another country or what they can produce and sell to another country. Another theory is mercantilism‚ which is an economic philosophy advocating that countries should simultaneously encourage exports and discourage imports. The final theory is the
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1-Multiple choice 1. Benefits of international trade are a. limited to tangible goods. b. limited to intangible goods. c. limited to all goods but not services. d. limited to services. e. not limited to any of the above categories. 2. The gravity model explains why a. trade between Sweden and Germany exceeds that between Sweden and Spain. b. countries with oil reserves tend to export oil. c. capital rich countries export capital intensive products. d. intra-industry trade is relatively more important
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