she lives in a flat in a city centre with her husband Bert. Mabel has had type 2 diabetes for years which has been poorly controlled by medication and diet. Mabel’s diabetes has now progressively worsened; she has been commenced on a self-managed insulin therapy plan. She is cared for by the community nursing team and her GP; she attends the regular diabetic clinic. Mabel has no other medical conditions but is currently suffering a cold. On a trip to the chemists Mabel feels unwell‚ clammy‚ trembling
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Insulin Resistance “Insulin resistance is a silent epidemic that increases the chance diabetes and heart disease” according to the insulin resistance and pre-diabetes article; the causes and treatments are confusing and not always effective. According to Gerald Reaven‚ M.D.‚ Sixty to Seventy-five million Americans have insulin resistance; however‚ they do not know it. The endocrinology system is still a mystery to most average Americans today. They are not well-informed between the differences
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Ketones in insulin resistant state 1. How is glucose normally maintained in the post absorptive state? 2. Why is muscle glycogen not useful for blood glucose 3. Why may this situation have evolved 4. Under what circumstances do you think substantial gluconeogenesis will occur 5. What is necessary for the production of ketones 6. What will reduce acetyl CoA oxidation 7. When is oxaloacetate availability impaired 8. When is the regulation of gluconeogenesis disrupted
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Pre-Discovery Before the discovery of insulin‚ diabetes was a feared disease that most certainly led to death. Doctors knew that sugar worsened the condition of diabetic patients and that the most effective treatment was to put the patients on very strict diets where sugar intake was kept to a minimum. In 1889‚ the physician Oskar Minkowski‚ in collaboration with Joseph von Mering‚ removed the pancreas from a healthy dog to test its assumed role in digestion. The dog developed diabetes
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Insulin Synthesis The discovery of insulin was one of the greatest events in medical history. The existence of insulin is as necessary as that of glucose (the body’s basic unit of fuel). Both of them are related and required for life. In order for the glucose to be regulated‚ insulin circulates through blood vessels and bind with particular (insulin) receptors‚ promoting interactions essential for the wellbeing of the body’s internal mechanisms. Insulin is a hormone synthesized exclusively
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Closed-loop Insulin Therapy Improves Glycemic Control in Children with Type One Diabetes. Type One Diabetes is a common endocrine problem in children and its rate is growing. The risk of long-term problems such as cardiovascular and microvascular could be reduced by improving glycemic control. In spite of the accessibility of therapeutic options such as self-monitoring of blood glucose‚ rapid-acting insulin analogues‚ planned patient education‚ and insulin pump therapy‚ glycemic control in the majority
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Insulin plays a critical role in integration and regulation of carbohydrates and lipid metabolism. Insulin and regulation of carbohydrate metabolism Insulin is a peptide hormone which is secreted by the pancreatic beta-cell that present in the islet of Langerhans. It is a protein that function to regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates‚ fats and protein and also utilize of energy from the ingested nutrients especially glucose. Foods that consist of carbohydrates are converted into glucose during
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corner and ask people if they know what insulin is‚ and many will reply‚ "Doesn’t it have something to do with blood sugar?" Indeed‚ that is correct‚ but such a response is a bit like saying "Mozart? Wasn’t he some kind of a musician?" Insulin is a key player in the control of intermediary metabolism. It has profound effects on both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism‚ and significant influences on protein and mineral metabolism. Consequently‚ derangements in insulin signaling have widespread and devastating
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specific reason to learn about it‚ insulin is quite possibly a mystery to you. You know it directly affects the lives of diabetics‚ and can go up and down depending on your blood sugar levels‚ but perhaps you don’t know much more than that. How important is it for regular folks to know about? Should you be aware of your insulin levels‚ or is it affecting your life in ways that you’re not aware? In this article we’ll take a closer look at what insulin does‚ how your diet can affect its production
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The Discovery of Insulin In the decade before the discovery of insulin‚ diabetes was a life threatening disease. A diagnosis of diabetes meant eventual coma and a certain death. Today‚ however‚ with the help of science and the discovery of insulin‚ diabetes is a manageable illness for millions across the globe. Diabetes mellitus‚ or simply‚ diabetes is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by impaired ability of the body to produce or respond to insulin and thereby maintaining
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