The structural features of carbohydrates account for the fact that a wide variety of polysaccharides exist is pentoses and hexoses. The examples of pentose are ribose‚ deoxyribose‚ ribulose and xylulose. The examples of hexose are glucose which is found in fruits‚ fructose which is found in milk and galactose which is found in honey. Both pentoses and hexoses are mostly found in monosaccharides. They are the most simplest sugar which cannot be futher hydrolysed into smaller units. They contain
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temperature 32oC. Once the temperature was beyond the optimal level‚ the rate began to decline and this was represented by the concave curve on figure 5 and 7. This was because as the temperature increases‚ the frequency of collisions between the enzyme and the substrate also increased hence faster reaction rate. Whereas‚ the enzymes operated slowly at low temperature as there wasn’t sufficient energy for the substrates to move at a fast rate‚ hence decreased the number of collisions with the enzymes. However
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Factors Affecting Fermentation of Glucose by Yeast Introduction: Fermentation is anaerobic respiration whereby food is altered into more simple compounds and energy in the form of chemicals is produced‚ an example being adenosine triphosphate (biology-online.org/dictionary/Fermentation). All this occurs with the lack of atmospheric oxygen. At the end of the day alcohol and carbon dioxide are the end products when yeast is used in the fermentation procedure. But end products like acetic acid
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light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis will be tested. Photosynthesis is the process in which autotrophic plants create their own food (energy) from sunlight. Photosynthesis involves three ‘ingredients’ or reactants‚ carbon dioxide‚ water‚ and light energy (sunlight). Carbon dioxide and sunlight come in through a leaf’s stomata which are tiny holes‚ and water is absorbed through their roots. When all of these reactants are combined in a plant’s chloroplasts‚ glucose (a type of energy) and oxygen
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reactants. The reaction rate is slower when the reactants are large and complex molecules because it takes longer for the molecules to combine together creating a chemical reaction. More than 2000 years ago‚ Democritus‚ who was a philosopher from Greece suggested that matter is made up of tiny particles too small to be seen. He thought that if you kept cutting a substance into smaller and smaller pieces‚ you would eventually come to the smallest possible particles. The rate of a chemical reaction
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THE EFFECT OF INHIBITORS AND MANIPULATION IN ENERGY PRODUCTION OF YEAST CELLS FOR GLYCOLYSIS AND FERMENTATION INTRODUCTION The aim of this experiment was to study the process of alcoholic fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast cells) and measure the rate of Co2 production during anaerobic breakdown of the respiratory substrate‚ sucrose‚ in the yeast cells. The effects of an inhibitor on respiratory enzyme were also looked at. It is hypothesized that the five different reaction mixtures
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proteins that are synthesized by the ribosomes in a cell. They act as catalysts during biological reactions; therefore‚ enzymes are able to speed up these reactions without undergoing a permanent change themselves. These proteins are able to do this by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. To add on‚ enzymes require specific conditions under which they can work best. Reactions occur at faster rates when the temperature is higher. However‚ the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is reduced or can
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How does the Amount of CO2 Affect the Rate of Photosynthesis? There are a number of variables that can affect the photosynthesis rate of Canadian water weed (Elodea). They are as follows:  The amount of light: an increased light level increases the rate of photosynthesis to a certain point where at another factor limits the photosynthesis rate.  The temperature: Increased temperature increases the rate of photosynthesis to a certain temperature‚ after which‚ essential enzymes
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Abstract The experiment aims to observe if simpler substrates makes the rate of cellular respiration faster. Using yeast‚ smith fermentation tubes and different substrates namely‚ starch‚ lactose‚ sucrose‚ glucose and fructose‚ which are from different kinds of carbohydrates‚ ranging from the simplest sugars glucose and fructose to the polysaccharide starch and water as the control‚ the hypothesis was tested. With the span of thirty minutes with five-minute intervals‚ the height of carbon dioxide
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Lab 8 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Objectives: 1. Observe the effects of cellular respiration on temperature in a closed system. 2. Investigate carbon dioxide production in both germinating pea seeds and crickets. 3. Perform an investigative study of the rate of cellular respiration in both pea seeds and crickets at various temperatures. 4. Compare the alcoholic fermentation of glucose‚ sucrose‚ and starch by yeast. Introduction All organisms must have a continual
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