BUDGETING Cost of Capital Evaluating Cash Flows Payback‚ discounted payback NPV IRR‚ MIRR The Cost of Capital • Cost of Capital Components – Debt – Common Equity • WACC Should we focus on historical (embedded) costs or new (marginal) costs? The cost of capital is used primarily to make decisions which involve raising and investing new capital. So‚ we should focus on marginal costs. What types of long-term capital do organizations use? nLong-term debt nEquity Weighted Average Cost
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Homework #5 Due 6/20/12 Directions: The homework will be collected in a box before the lecture. Please place your name‚ TA name and section number on top of the homework (legibly). Make sure you write your name as it appears on your ID so that you can receive the correct grade. Late homework will not be accepted so make plans ahead of time. Please show your work. Good luck! Please realize that you are essentially creating “your brand” when you submit this homework. Do you want your homework to convey
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choice? b) Explain how scarcity‚ choice and opportunity cost are relevant when choosing amongst alternatives? 2. Define the concept of “opportunity cost” and discuss various examples. 3. Explain how the concept of opportunity cost may be used to explain the following: a) Why very few petrol stations are found in the centre of large cities. b) Why it might be worthwhile for a company to contract out work even though contracting out may involve a higher monetary cost. c) Why tourists
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+1.905 ln I where Q denotes number of passengers (in thousands) per year‚ P the (average) ticket price and I the U.S. national income. Determine the price elasticity and income elasticity of demand (8 points). From Lecture Module 3 Equation 4 we learned the alternative formulation of elasticity. Alternative formulation of elasticity EP = dQ/dP * P/Q = dlnQ/dlnP Natural log: ln‚ uses the base “e” How? ∂lnQ/∂lnP =(d lnQ/dQ) * (dQ/dP) * (dP/dlnP) [ Note: dY/dX = 1/(dX/dY) since
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used to determine the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). This SLP calculates the WACC for my SLP company – McDonalds‚ discusses how those calculations were arrived at and briefly describes WACC and what investors use it for. COMPANY NAME: McDonalds Inc Balance sheet date: 31 DEC 07 Market values date: 1 SEP 08 SOURCE BOOK VALUE MARKET VALUE PROPORTIONS COST (%) PRODUCT (a) (b) (c) (d)
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9 Calculating WACC Mullineaux Corporation has a target capital structure of 60 percent common stock‚ 5 percent preferred stock‚ and a 35 percent debt. Its cost of equity is 12.5 percent‚ the cost of preferred stock is 5.5 percent‚ and the cost of debt is 7.2 percent. The relevant tax rate is 35 percent. a. What is Mullineaux’s WACC? b. The company president has approached you about Mullineax’s capital structure. He wants to know why the company doesn’t use more preferred stock financing
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In the background to supply‚ we notice about the terms "total product"‚ "marginal product" and "average product". These three figures are the foundation upon which the analysis of short-run production for a firm is analyzed. Total product is the total quantity of output produced by a firm for a given quantity of inputs. The usual framework is to analyze total product when in a variable input (labor) changes‚ for a given amount of a fixed input (capital). Diagram 1 In diagram 1‚ as the curve shows
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COST OF CAPITAL (Et al) EXERCISES 1. Consider the following data regarding the cost of capital of an italian auto manufacturing firm: * Capital structure includes 40% debt * Industry average unlevered beta is 1.8 * 10 year Italian Government bond yield is at 4.5% * JP Morgan has issued an estimate for Expected Market Return at 8.5% * Euribor is 2% * Before tax cost of debt = 5% * Tax rate = 30% Please calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for
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revenue from the last unit sold exceeds the additional cost of the last unit by the largest amount. B. the additional revenue from the last unit sold equals the additional cost of the last unit. C. total revenue exceeds total cost by the largest amount. D. total revenue equals total cost. E. both b and c 2. The function a decision maker seeks to maximize or minimize is the ________ function. A. optimal B. decision-making C. objective D. marginal E. none of the above 3. Choice variables A. determine
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Weighted Average Cost of Capital What It Measures The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the rate of return that the providers of a company’s capital require‚ weighted according to the proportion each element bears to the total pool of capital. Why It Is Important WACC is one of the most important figures in assessing a company’s financial health‚ both for internal use (in capital budgeting) and external use (valuing companies on investment markets). It gives companies an insight into
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