Power in Foreign Relations Study No. 1 The “Sole Organ” Doctrine By Louis Fisher Specialist in Constitutional Law The Law Library of Congress James Madison Memorial Building; 101 Independence Avenue‚ S.E.; Room LM 240; Washington‚ DC 20540-3200 Reception: (202) 707-5065 – FAX: (202) 315-3654 www.loc.gov/law/congress LAW LIBRARY OF CONGRESS August 28‚ 2006 A Series of Studies on Presidential Power In Foreign Relations: No. 1: The “Sole Organ” Doctrine Louis Fisher 1 Specialist in
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in developing a competitive strategy. The concept was first introduced by Michael Porter in his 1985 book “Competitive Advantage.” A value chain is a set of activities that an organization carries out to create value for its customers. Porter proposed a general-purpose value chain in which he felt it was important for companies to examine all of their activities and see how they’re connected. According to Porter‚ going through the chain of organization activities will add more value to the product
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SOLE PROPRIETORSHIPS AND PARTNERSHIPS A sole proprietorship is a business entity owned by one party‚ and is the simplest of the forms of business: • It is easy to form. • The business income is taxed along with the owner’s other income. • The owner is liable for the debts of the business. • The owner controls the decisions of the business. • The business ends when the owner does. The sole proprietorship is often the starting point for a small‚ fledgling business. But a sole proprietorship
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I. Operational Effectiveness Is Not Strategy According to Porter‚ various management tools like total quality management‚ benchmarking‚ time-based competition‚ outsourcing‚ partnering‚ reengineering‚ that are used today‚ do enhance and dramatically improve the operational effectiveness of a company but fail to provide the company with sustainable profitability. Thus‚ the root cause of the problem seems to be failure of management to distinguish between operational effectiveness and strategy: Management
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Sole Trader Advantages The advantages of being a sole trader are immense not lease because the owner has full control over the business for daily operations as well as how large they wish to grow it. It’s easy to set yourself up as you only need to declare to yourself you are going to be a business but also have to inform the Inland Revenue you are self employed within 3 months of starting the business. A sole trader does not need to complete many of the forms and accounting information that
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Advantages of Sole Traders It is easy to set up a sole trader. A person can set up a business immediately. There are few‚ if any‚ forms to fill in or procedures needed to set. Easier to run than any other types of business. The owner is in sole charge‚ easier in terms of decision making. Tax Advantages Taxed differently eg. NI contributions are low There are no legal fees to set the firm Control The owner is in sole charge – can make whatever changes they want No meetings required to implement
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Michael Porter 5 Forces Porter’s five forces of competitive position analysis is a simple framework for assessing and evaluating the competitive strength and position of a business organization that formed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979. Basically‚ the concept of this theory is actually based on the five forces model that uses to determine the intensity of competition and market attractiveness. Therefore‚ strategic analysts are often to use Porter’s
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Soles 4 Souls One gift that I know would make a world of a difference is to help donate shoes to the needy. Soles 4 Souls‚ which originated in Nashville is a nationally known charity that collects shoes from various places. Soles 4 Souls has a simple concept that is: “We produce shoes and get them to those in need.” Wayne Elsey is the founder and CEO of Soles 4 Souls Inc. Never had he done this type of work before‚ until one day after the tsunami in 2004 hit Southeast Asia‚ Wayne was watching TV
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The case of “The Sole Remaining Supplier” deliberates between what is more important‚ a human beings life or financial loss. During the year 1975‚ doctors across the nation started to implant a new and promising medical technology called pacemakers. It was in its early years; therefore‚ cardiology doctors did not possess the advanced skills needed to install such equipment. A patient’s heartbeat depended solely on these units to survive; however‚ a malfunction from such unit would cause a patient
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decrease profit potential for the seller. On the other hand‚ a weak buyer‚ one who is at the mercy of the seller in terms of quality and price‚ makes an industry less competitive and increases profit potential for the seller. The concept of buyer power Porter created has had a lasting effect in market theory. Buyer Power – Determining Factors¶ Several factors determine Porter’s Five Forces buyer bargaining power. If buyers are concentrated compared to sellers – if there are few buyers and many sellers
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