11. A total variance is best defined as the difference between total a. actual cost and total cost applied for the standard output of the period. b. standard cost and total cost applied to production. c. actual cost and total standard cost of the actual input of the period. d. actual cost and total cost applied for the actual output of the period. 12. The term “standard hours allowed” measures a. budgeted output at actual hours. b. budgeted output at standard hours. c. actual output
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1/ Variable Costs: The variable cost will be 40% higher [ an increase of 21‚000 - 15‚000=6‚000 units] Direct Material used 1‚060‚000 Variable Costs: Direct Labor 1‚904‚000 Direct material used [ 1‚060‚000 *1.4] 1‚484‚000 Unit costs [ 6‚335‚600 / 21‚000] =$ 301.7 Indirect Materials and supplies 247‚000 Direct Labor [ 1‚904‚000 * 1.4] 2‚665‚600 Variable Cost/ Unit = 228.27 at both 15k & 21k units Power to run plant eqip 213‚000 Indirect Materials
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Contents QUESTION ONE: Accounting Concepts and Conventions 1 a) Accounting Concepts 1 i) The going concern concept. 1 ii) The accruals concept (or matching concept) 1 iii) The entity concept: 3 iv) The money measurement concept: 3 v) The historical cost concept: 4 vi) The realization concept: 4 vii) Duality concept: 4 b) Accounting conventions 5 QUESTION TWO: Clashing accounting concepts and conventions that might bring about inconsistency in the accounting process 9 1. Clash between
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2 Cost Terms‚ Concepts‚ and Classifications Learning Objectives LO1. Identify and give examples of each of the three basic manufacturing cost categories. LO2. Distinguish between product costs and period costs and give examples of each. LO3. Prepare an income statement including calculation of the cost of goods sold. LO4. Prepare a schedule of cost of goods manufactured. LO5. Understand the differences between variable costs and fixed costs
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Table of Contents Accounting Concepts and policies…………………………………………………………….. 3 – 7 Relevance of accounting concepts and policies on financial report…………….. 7 – 10 Discount allowed and received………………………………………………………………… 11 – 13 Difference between carriage inwards and carriage outwards……………………. 11 – 13 Differences between straight line and reducing balance methods……………… 11 – 13 References……………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 - 16 Introduction Accounting Concepts and Principles These are rules and
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Types of costs Classification of costs: • Materials – costs of raw materials‚ components and other goods used. • Labor – cost of employees wages and salaries. • Expenses – costs which cannot be included in materials and labor. Variable costs – these costs varies directly with changes in the level of quantity‚ over a defined period of time. Fixed costs – are not affected by the changes in the level of activity‚ over a defined period of time. Semi variable costs – for example
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TOPIC 1: ACCOUNTING BASES‚ POLICIES‚ AND CONCEPTS ACCOUNTING BASES - These are the methods used for applying fundamental accounting concepts to financial transactions and items‚ preparing financial accounts‚ determining the accounting periods in which revenue and costs should be recognized in the profit and loss account‚ and determining the amounts at which material items should be stated in the balance sheet. - Examples of accounting bases include: Methods of calculating depreciation Methods
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additional costs incurred. Actual variable costs increased from $218 to $247.50‚ causing an unfavourable flexible-budget variable cost variance of $59 457. The next section‚ 3.2 Variable and Fixed Variance Analysis‚ will look into the specific causes of this increased in cost and resources consumed. Understanding the reasons why actual results differ from budgeted amounts can help Barnes better manage its costs and pricing decisions in the future. If Barnes have not been able to pass these costs on to
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Basic Accounting Principles and Concepts http://misscpa.com/basic-accounting-principles-and-concepts/ Accounting is called the language of business that which communicates the financial condition and performance of a business to interested users‚ also referred to as stakeholders. In order to become effective in carrying out the accounting procedure‚ as well as in communicating the financial information of the business‚ there is a widely accepted set of rules‚ concepts and principles that
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range of accounting application is expanding rapidly‚ along with the increasing demand of economic market. As is well known‚ accounting is a key aspect of business. And in the accounting profession‚ there has been already existed interpenetration and overlapping among the different kinds of accounting. Cost accounting and financial accounting are two main components of accountancy. The former one is a part of accounting. In cost accounting‚ it dramatically researches the variable cost‚ fixed cost‚ overheads
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