SUMMARY Name(s) Project Number Ben J. Kaiser S0510 Project Title Hess’ Law and Thermochemistry Abstract Objectives/Goals Background: Hess# law states that if a reaction can be carried out in a series of steps‚ the sum of the enthalpies for each step should equal the enthalpy change for the total reaction. This statement emphasizes the conservation not only of matter‚ but also of energy. If certain reactions are difficult to study‚ their enthalpy can be calculated from Hess# law. The
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article: Break-even (economics) In economics & business‚ specifically cost accounting‚ the break-even point (BEP) is the point at which cost or expenses and revenue are equal: there is no net loss or gain‚ and one has "broken even." A profit or a loss has not been made‚ although opportunity costs have been "paid‚" and capital has received the risk-adjusted‚ expected return.[1] It is shown graphically as the point where the total revenue and total cost curves meet. In the linear case the break-even
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1. Cost of goods manufactured will usually include: A. only direct labor and direct materials costs. B. some costs incurred during the prior period as well as costs incurred during the current period. C. only costs incurred during the current period. D. some period costs as well as some product costs. 2. During the month of August‚ direct labor cost totaled $13‚000 and direct labor cost was 20% of prime cost. If total manufacturing costs during August were $88‚000‚ the manufacturing overhead
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Calculating the break-even point To avoid making a loss every business must at least break-even by achieving a level of sales that covers its total costs. But what level of sales is necessary to break-even? To explore the concept of break-even‚ we need to define some basic terms: Fixed costs: Costs that do not vary with output or sales e.g. managers salaries‚ rent and rates on business premises. Variable costs: Costs that vary with the quantity produced or sold e.g. costs of materials
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Definition of Break Even point: Break even point is the level of sales at which profit is zero. According to this definition‚ at break even point sales are equal to fixed cost plus variable cost. This concept is further explained by the the following equation: [Break even sales = fixed cost + variable cost] The break even point can be calculated using either the equation method or contribution margin method. These two methods are equivalent. Equation Method: The equation method centers on
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term manufacturing overhead? | A) | Factory overhead | B) | Pervasive costs | C) | Burden | D) | Indirect manufacturing costs | 2. | Which one of the following is an example of a period cost? | A) | A change in benefits for the union workers who work in the New York plant of a Fortune 1000 manufacturer. | B) | Workers’ compensation insurance on factory workers’ wages allocated to the factory. | C) | A box cost associated with computers. | D) | A manager’s salary for work that is
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Hess’ Law To find out the enthalpy change of Mg+ ½O2=MgO‚ we used a calorimeter‚ thermometer‚ 0.2 g of Mg‚ 0.2 g of MgO‚ and 2.0 M of HCl. We used a thermometer to measure the initial and final temperatures in Celcius. We recorded the initial temperature of the HCl. After we put the Mg or MgO into the calorimeter‚ we put in the HCl and covered it using a lid‚ mixed it around with the thermometer‚ and recorded the final temperature. We also used this method to find the enthalpies of the equations
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CHAPTER 12 PRICING DECISIONS AND COST MANAGEMENT 12-1 The three major influences on pricing decisions are 1. Customers 2. Competitors 3. Costs 12-2 Not necessarily. For a one-time-only special order‚ the relevant costs are only those costs that will change as a result of accepting the order. In this case‚ full product costs will rarely be relevant. It is more likely that full product costs will be relevant costs for long-run pricing decisions. 12-3 Two examples of pricing decisions with
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should be chosen‚ because it has maximum profit. It also has the best margin of safety and contribution/sales ratio. In proposal 2‚ an additional product W is added to the mix. So the fixed cost is increased. Although the fixed cost is increased‚ the profit increases sharply. What is noteworthy is that breakeven point is the largest in the 3 situations. It means that the company should take longer time to reach the breakeven point. So the company many have more risk. The recommendation is made on
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All three reactions are exothermic. 1) Dissolving solid sodium hydroxide in water (this heat is actually a “heat of solution” since no true chemical reaction occurs): NaOH (s) ---> Na+ (aq) OH¯ (aq)H1 2) Solid sodium hydroxide is dissolved in a hydrochloric acid solution: H+ (aq) Cl¯ (aq)NaOH (s) ---> Na+ (aq) Cl¯ (aq)O (l)H2 3) A solution of sodium hydroxide is mixed with a hydrochloric acid solution: H+ (aq) Cl¯ (aq)Na+ (aq) OH¯ (aq)---> Na+ (aq)
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