The Hedonic Calculus would seem to support the community over the individual in certain‚ less extreme cases‚ but in situations such as rape‚ the moral choice is always the right one‚ no matter how many people are involved. Although an immoral act will always
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should take actions as right or wrong as a given‚ but should use empirical evidence to work out their effect and subsequently conclude on its appropriateness. Bentham’s empirical method of finding out whether the action is worthwhile was to use the Hedonic Calculus‚ a process of assessment which gauges the act’s outcome in several categories‚ such as its certainty‚ purity or extent. Natural Law is another example of the diversity between Utilitarian and Christian ethical attitudes. Although it teaches
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He thought it was not possible to quantify pleasure and did not agree with the hedonic calculus‚ he believed in higher and lower pleasures. Higher quality pleasures were better than lower quality pleasures. He believed that higher pleasures of the mind were better than lower pleasures of the body. Once the minimum requirements of the
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benefits and it is a completely unnecessary act on females in this culture. It is also an extremely painful procedure that has very serious short term and long term side effects‚ including death. Jeremy Bentham‚ an Act Utilitarian‚ developed the hedonic calculus‚ which is a “scientific” methodology for determining which pleasures ought to be pursued and which pains ought to be avoided. FGM is an example of the pains that “ought” to be avoided. This principle enables individuals to provide good reasons
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Summary Huang xiaoxiaArticle: Using netnography research method to reveal the underlying dimensions of the customer/tourist experience This study aims to examine the concept of customer experience in the tourist industry by using netnography research method. Customer experience is defined as the internal and subjective response that customers have of any direct or indirect contact with a company. The origin of “customer experience” is the book‚ Experience Economy. The authors claimed that experiences
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purchase intentions”‚ Journal of Hennig-Thurau‚ T.‚ Gwinner‚ K.P. and Walsh‚ G. (2004)‚ “Electronic word-of-mouth via consumer-opinion platforms: what motivates consumers to articulate themselves on the Hirschman‚ E.C. and Holbrook‚ M.B. (1982)‚ “Hedonic consumption: emerging concepts‚ methods and propositions”‚ Journal of Marketing‚ Vol Homburg‚ C. and Jensen‚ O. (2007)‚ “The thought worlds of marketing and sales: which differences make a difference?”‚ Journal of Marketing‚ Vol Jansen‚ B.‚ Zhang
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Utilitarianism Key Features • • • Relativist Theory – – – – – – – No Absolutes Morality Depends on individual circumstances Happiness is the most important thing Quality and Quantity of Happiness need to be taken into account The Measure of Usefulness or Fittingness for purpose an action may have Teleological Ethical theories such as Utilitarianism tend to rely on the principle of utility It is the way of measuring how useful an action is in bringing about the consequences that we desire Equality
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Act Utilitarianism The theory of Utilitarianism was first developed by Jeremy Bentham who was a philosopher of the 18th century. Bentham developed this theory to create a modern and rational approach to morality which would suit the changing society. Bentham’s theory Act Utilitarianism has many strengths and weaknesses. A Strength is that this theory is considers the consequences and happiness which an action has created. This is because Act Utilitarianism is a teleological theory where actions
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least sum of pain. (Hedonism). We can divide his theory into three parts: His view on what drove human beings‚ and what goodness and badness was all about. ( The motivation of human beings) The principle of utility‚ which is his moral rule The hedonic calculus‚ which is his system for measuring how good or bad the consequence is. The motivation of human beings Bentham maintained that human beings were motivated by pleasure and pain‚ and so he can be called a hedonist. He said‚ in principles
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decision processes of fast Vs slow fashion consumers’ and it explores the main differences between fast and slow fashion consumers regarding their consumer decision process making. The second article was written by Karen Miller in 2012 with the title ‘Hedonic customer responses to fast fashion and replicas’ and it mainly focuses on pleasureseeking activities or luxury-fast-fashion.The third article I used was conducted by Veronica Gabrielli‚ Ilaria Baghi and Vanni Codeluppi also in 2012 with the title
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