curtailing emissions of carbon dioxide and other substances into the atmosphere. The resolution of this problem is possible by combining work on energy efficiency in buildings (Matrosov 2004)‚ and work on energy efficiency in ventilation‚ heat delivery‚ and heat supply of buildings (Dmitriev 2005). Such an approach corresponds with Russian policy‚ as the state has an interest‚ ultimately‚ in reducing consumption of primary fuel and energy resources – the strategic bases of its long-term existence
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1407 Horizontal Gene Transfer Responsible for Carotenoid Production in Aphids Horizontal Gene Transfer Horizontal gene transfer (referred to as HGT for the rest of the paper) is said to have occurred when an organism successfully incorporates genetic information from another organism into its own genetic makeup when the first organism is not the offspring of the other organism. HGT‚ or lateral gene transfer (LGT)‚ is used to describe both the artificial and natural transfers of genetic information
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their day to day activities. Ectotherms are affected by the environment in many ways. Ectotherms body temperature can change very easy under certain conditions. Radiation‚ convection‚ conduction‚ and evaporation are the main types of temperature transfer on ectotherms. Anything from the organism coming in contact with a hot surface to hot sun emitting its radiation to a cold wind breeze just blowing by. Because ectotherms are so highly and easily influenced by their environment it is important for
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components solar radiation‚ daylight and heat radiation has to be taken into account (among other factors such as humidity‚ air speed and occupant activity and clothing levels). In hot climates the optimization of room comfort is a challenging task due to the high solar radiation over the whole year. In intelligent buildings new material developments are applied optimizing the building envelope in an integral building design process. New solutions for weather‚ noise and heat protection are developed‚ where
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Insulation has been used to keep heat in and keep out air for a long time. Fiberglass insulation can be described as glass fibers combined with other materials (Sheppard‚ 2012). It has different materials in it that help the material insulate. The material is also chosen very commonly because of the cost efficient price on this insulation (Thermaxx Jackets‚ 2011). In an overall view‚ fiberglass insulation is chosen by more people from the efficient and inexpensive price compared to the other insulations
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felt by the body on exposed sin due to the flow of cold air. Wind chill temperatures are always lower than air temperature. The human body loses heat through convection‚ evaporation‚ conduction and radiation. The rate of heat loss by a surface through convection depends on the wind speed above that surface. As a surface heats the air around it‚ an insulating boundary layer of warm air forms agains the surface. Moving air disrupts the boundary layer‚ allowing for new‚ cooler
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involves a liquid changing to a gas. The liquid particles with high enough energy can escape from the surface of the liquid. These form a vapour above the liquid surface. The liquid will then be cooler than its surroundings and therefore will take in heat energy from the surroundings and raise the kinetic energy of the particles within the liquid and the entire process will start again. This process is why sweating
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analyzed and optimized. There are many types of heat losses in the dish/Stirling system‚ such as convection and conduction heat losses and radiation heat losses by emission in the cavity receiver and reflection heat loss of solar energy in the parabolic dish. There are also internal and external conduction heat losses‚ energy dissipation by pressure drops and energy losses by shuttle effect in displacer piston in the Stirling engine. All of these heat losses in the parabolic dish‚ cavity receiver and
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air conditioning technology is an emerging alternative air conditioning technology having many advantages over conventional VAC system. Desiccant cooling technology is free from CFCs‚ can be operated with low grade energy (heat energy) and capable of precise control of latent heat load of conditioned space. This eco friendly and energy saving method of air conditioning has drawn interest of many researchers over last few decades. The performance of desiccant system depends on system configuration‚
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process. Satisfaction with the thermal environment is expressed through the state of mind which defines thermal comfort. Extensive standardization and modelling exists for thermal comfort‚ which depends both on physiological and physical parameters. The heat exchange between the environment and the human body‚ can be described as the characteristic of the environment. There ’s no rule for thermal comfort‚ it involves so many aspect including psychology‚ physiology‚ building sciences and many scientific
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